Comparison of responses of CR-39 and PM-355 track detectors to fast protons, deuterons and He ions within energy range 0.2–4.5 MeV

The paper presents new results of the calibration of the standard CR-39 and super-grade PM-355 plastic detectors, which are applicable for the registration of the protons, deuterons, and ⁴He-ions. The calibration diagram show track diameters vs particle energy for different etching times.     

Application of CR-39 track detectors for corpuscular diagnostics of high-temperature plasmas

Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs) have been used for corpuscular diagnostic in numerous high-temperature plasma experiments. This paper presents different applications of the detectors mentioned above, particularly in nuclear fusion investigations. Some new projects and proposals of the use of such detectors in large-scale plasma experiments, e.g. tokamaks, and laser-fusion facilities are demonstrated. To use the SSNTDs in the optimal way and to determine their detection characteristics, detailed calibration studies of the selected plastic detectors (CR-39, PM-355, PM-500, PM-600) have been performed at IPJ for several years. To carry out calibration measurements of these detectors, ion beams from different accelerators were applied. The paper presents detection characteristics, i.e. track dimensions as a function of ion energy, atomic number and etching time.     

Common hypercyclic vectors for the conjugate class of a hypercyclic operator

Given a separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space, it was recently shown by the authors that there is a path of chaotic operators, which is dense in the operator algebra with the strong operator topology, and along which every operator has the exact same dense Gδ set of hypercyclic vectors. In the present work, we show that the conjugate set of any hypercyclic operator on a separable, infinite dimensional Banach space always contains a path of operators which is dense with the strong operator topology, and yet the set of common hypercyclic vectors for the entire path is a dense Gδ set. As a corollary, the hypercyclic operators on such a Banach space form a connected subset of the operator algebra with the strong operator topology.     

动态规划求解空间双臂机器人非完整运动最优控制问题

通过自适应动态规划研究自由漂浮空间双臂机器人运动的最优控制问题．针对空间双臂机器人的非完整性运动,采用自适应动态规划(Adaptive Dynamic Programming, ADP)方法求解其最优控制问题．根据多体动力学理论,推导了载体位置、姿态均无控制条件下,双臂空间机器人满足的系统动量守恒关系的非完整约束方程,并将其转化为控制系统的状态方程,从而将双臂空间机器人的非完整运动规划问题转化为对非线性系统的控制问题．文中根据自适应动态规划网络结构,利用神经网络来近似性能指标函数,进而用龙格库塔法求解状态变量．并给出了适合该类问题的一种效用函数具体表达式,保证了空间双臂机器人到达期望位置后不再继续运动．实现了对空间双臂机器人非完整运动规划的最优控制．数值仿真实验验证了ADP对求解空间双臂机器人非完整运动规划最优控制问题的有效性．     

紧凑型激光二极管抽运全固态355 nm连续波紫外激光器

报道了一台激光二极管端面抽运Nd:YVO₄晶体内腔三倍频355 nm激光连续输出的全固态紫外激光器.激光腔采用紧凑型简单凹平直腔,腔长仅为70 mm.利用两块LBO晶体进行腔内倍频、和频,当注入抽运功率为2527 W时,获得最大功率为306 mW的355 nm连续波输出,光光转换效率为012％,输出功率短期不稳定性为53%,355 nm激光输出光束质量良好.通过采用内腔倍频技术和设计合理的腔参数,实现了中小功率连续输出的全固态紫外激光器的小型化、便携化,进一步拓宽了紫外激光器 关键词： 激光二极管端面抽运 内腔三倍频 连续波 355 nm激光     

Inclusion Complexes of Dyes and Cyclodextrins: Modeling Supermolecules by Rigorous Quantum Mechanics

The results of structure optimization and molecular dynamics simulationof host-guest -cyclodextrin-pinacyanol dye inclusion complexesare obtained by applying a density functional based tight-binding code.The results attempt to correlate UV/Vis and circular dichroism spectraldata with calculated aggregate structures of the sandwich dimer, withthe monomers twisted slightly against each other. The sense of twist ispredetermined by the chirality of the complexing host. The UV/Vis-spectralare interpreted using the exciton model. Within this model, each excitedstate of the monomer generates two excitonic states in the dimer. Theinteraction between the two monomers results then in a Davydov splittingof the two dimer states. The opposite signs of the two dimer states can beattributed to the twist of the monomers when they interact.     

Generalized γ-Valid Cut Procedure for Concave Minimization

The concept of a -valid cutting plane has been used in many types of algorithms for solving concave minimization problems. Unfortunately, the procedures proposed to date for constructing these cuts are valid only under certain assumptions that often may not hold in practice. Chief among these is the requirement that the feasible region of the concave minimization problem in question have full dimension, and that the objective function of this problem be concave rather than quasiconcave. In this article, we propose, validate, and show how to implement a more general -valid cutting plane procedure which eliminates these restrictions.     

Adenosine hypodiphosphate ester,an analogue of ADP: analysis of the adenine–hypodiphosphate interaction mode in hypodiphosphate nucleotides and adenine salts

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) plays a crucial role in cell biochemistry, especially in metabolic pathways and energy storage. ADP itself, as well as many of its analogues, such as adenosine hypodiphosphate (AhDP), has been studied extensively, in particular in terms of enzymatic activity. However, structural studies in the solid state, especially for AhDP, are still missing. An analogue of ADP, i.e. adenosine hypodiphosphate ester, has been synthesized and characterized in the crystalline form as two hydrated sodium salts of 2′:3′‐isopropylideneadenosine 5′‐hypodiphosphate (H₃AhDP, C₁₃H₁₉N₅O₉P₂ for the neutral form), namely pentasodium tetrakis(2′:3′‐isopropylideneadenosine 5′‐hypodiphosphate) tetracosahydrate, 5Na⁺·3C₁₃H₁₈N₅O₉P₂⁻·C₁₃H₁₇N₅O₉P₂²⁻·24H₂O or Na₅(H₂AhDP)₃(HAhDP)·24H₂O, (I), and sodium tetrakis(2′:3′‐isopropylideneadenosine 5′‐hypodiphosphate) pentadecahydrate, Na⁺·C₁₃H₂₀N₅O₉P₂⁺·2C₁₃H₁₈N₅O₉P₂⁻·C₁₃H₁₉N₅O₉P₂·15H₂O or Na(H₄AhDP)(H₃AhDP)(H₂AhDP)₂·15H₂O, (II). Crystal structure analyses of (I) and (II) reveal two nucleoside hypodiphosphate ions in the asymmetric units with different ionization states of the hypodiphosphate unit and adenine base. For all AhDP nucleotides, the same anti conformation about the N‐glycosidic bond and similar puckering of the ribose ring have been found. AhDP geometry and interactions have been compared to ADP nucleotides deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database. The adenine–hypodiphosphate interactions, identified as defining nucleotide self‐assembly, have been analysed in model systems, i.e. the adenine (Ade) salts of hypodiphosphoric acid, namely bis(adeninium) hypodiphosphate dihydrate, 2C₅H₆N₅⁺·H₂P₂O₆²⁻·2H₂O or (AdeH)₂(H₂P₂O₆)·2H₂O, (III), and bis(adeninium) hypodiphosphate, 2C₅H₆N₅⁺·H₂P₂O₆²⁻ or (AdeH)₂(H₂P₂O₆), (IV).     

Effect of Urea on Metastable Zone Width,Induction Time and Nucleation Parameters of Ammonium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate

Enhancement of the metastable zone width in ammonium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (ADP) was achieved by the addition of the organic compound Urea to ADP solution. The metastable zone width studies were carried out for various temperature cooling rates and the nucleation parameters are studied. The induction period was studied and the critical nucleation parameters calculated based on classical theory for homogeneous nucleation are discussed. The critical nucleation parameters increase with the increase in concentration of doping.     

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Properties of Lipid Bioactives from Apple Cider By-Products

The valorization of food industry by-products as sources of bioactive compounds is at the forefront of research in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study focuses on bioactives of apple cider by-products (ACBPs) with putative cardio-protective properties. Total lipids (TLs) were extracted from ACBPs of apple varieties that are low (ACBP1), medium (ACBP2), and high (ACBP3) in tannins and were further separated into polar lipids (PLs) and neutral lipids (NLs). The functionality of these lipid extracts and of their HPLC-derived lipid fractions/PL subclasses were assessed in vitro against human platelet aggregation induced by the thrombotic and inflammatory platelet agonists platelet-activating factor (PAF) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The fatty acid profile of PLs and their most bioactive lipid fractions were evaluated by GC–MS analysis. The PL extracts exhibited higher specificity against the PAF-induced platelet aggregation compared to their anti-ADP effects, while TL and NL showed lower bioactivities in all ACBPs. HPLC analysis unveiled that the most bioactive PL from all ACBPs were those in PL fraction 3 containing phosphatidylcholines (PCs). PLs from all ACBPs and their PC bioactives were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and especially in the essential omega-6 (n-6) linoleic acid (LA) and omega-3 (n-3) alpha linolenic acid (ALA), with favorably low values of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, thus providing a rationale for their higher anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Within this study, highly bioactive PL compounds with strong anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties were identified in ACBPs, which can be potentially utilized for producing cardio-protective functional foods and/or nutraceuticals.