残余奥氏体含量对马氏体高强钢滑动磨损性能的影响

对3种不同残奥(RA)含量的马氏体高强钢进行干滑动摩擦磨损试验, 研究RA含量对其磨损性能的影响. 利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪等对试验后的磨损表面及横截面显微组织进行表征. 结果表明, RA含量越高, 磨损表面越光滑, 摩擦系数和磨损率越小, 也即马氏体高强钢的耐磨性越好. 磨损引起的大应变使RA发生应变诱导马氏体相变, 导致硬度和硬化层厚度显著增大. RA含量最高的HT3试样的硬度提高了18.3%, 硬化层厚度达70μm. 相比RA含量低的试样, HT3试样表现出很好的耐磨性. 这是因为马氏体相变使硬度逐步增加, 抗裂纹萌生能力提高; 同时由于亚表面良好的韧性, 可延缓和阻止裂纹扩展, 使得点蚀和剥落不易形成. 因此, 要提高马氏体高强钢的耐磨性, 除了硬度要求外, 还需要考虑其亚表面韧性.     

Preparation of a polyacrylonitrile/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization on a stainless steel wire for solid-phase microextraction

We report on the fabrication and performances of a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber based on a stainless steel wire coated with a covalently attached polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite. This new coating is obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylonitrile mixed with MWCNTs. ATRP is initiated from 11-(2-bromo-2-methylpropionyloxy)-undecyl-phosphonic acid molecules grafted on the wire surface via the phosphonic acid group. The extraction performances of the fibers are assessed on different classes of compounds (polar, non-polar, aromatic, etc.) from water solutions by headspace extraction. The optimization of the parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the target compounds was studied as well as the reproducibility and the repeatability of the fiber. The fibers sustain more than 200 extractions during which they remain chemically stable and maintain good performances (detection limits lower than 2 μg/l, repeatability, etc.). Considering their robustness together with their easy and inexpensive fabrication, these fibers could constitute promising alternatives to existing products.     

合金元素及模拟热处理对2205双相不锈钢之孔蚀性质影响

本文研究了Ｎｉ元素及不同模拟焊后热影响区（ＨＡＺ）组织对２２０５双相不锈钢孔蚀性质之影响。结果发现：在研究成分范围内，不同Ｎｉ含量对于底材电化学极化曲线之影响不大，其Ｅｎｐ和Ｅｎｐ均在１１００￣１２００ｍＶ之间。     

Cracking in D6ac steel

This paper examines the results of an extensive test program undertaken to study crack growth in D6ac steel and shows that in each case the increment in the crack length per cycle (da/dN) conforms to the Generalised Frost-Dugdale crack growth law. This is found to be true for both constant K_max, constant R ratio load increasing, and compression-compression pre-cracking tests in the L-T, T-L and the S-T directions.     

High-temperature oxidation studies of cold-sprayed Ni-20Cr and Ni-50Cr coatings on SAE 213-T22 boiler steel

The high-temperature oxidation behavior of cold-sprayed Ni-20Cr and Ni-50Cr coatings on SAE 213-T22 boiler steel has been investigated at 900 °C in air under cyclic heating and cooling conditions for 50 cycles. The kinetics of oxidation of coated and bare boiler steel has been established with the help of weight change measurements. It was observed that all the coated and bare steels obeyed parabolic rate law of oxidation. X-ray diffraction, FE-SEM/EDAX and X-ray mapping techniques were used to analyse the oxidation products of the coated and uncoated boiler steel. The uncoated steel suffered corrosion in the form of intense spalling and peeling of its oxide scale, which was perhaps due to the formation of unprotective Fe₂O₃ oxide scale. Both the coatings showed better resistance to the air oxidation as compared to the uncoated steel. The Ni-50Cr coating was found to be more protective than the Ni-20Cr-coated steel. The formation of oxides and spinels of nickel and chromium may be contributing to the development of air oxidation resistance in the coatings.     

Ce-Pt-Pd/不锈钢丝网催化剂的制备与催化性能

采用阳极氧化技术在不锈钢丝网上自生长了一层结构致密的阳极氧化膜,并以此为载体,制备出一种高活性、高稳定性的负载型Ce-Pt-Pd催化剂.考察了该系列催化剂对甲苯、丙酮和乙酸乙酯的氧化活性,并用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温氧化技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,不锈钢丝网载体表面自生长的氧化物膜十分有利于活性组分的负载,制得的催化剂具有较高的催化燃烧有机化合物的活性和稳定性.     

Application of SSNTDs for study of boron distribution in alloys

A study of boron behavior and its distribution in boron doped iron-, nickel- and aluminum-base alloys subjected to various treatment conditions has been performed. For this purpose a technique based on the detection of ¹⁰B(n,)⁷Li reaction products with track etch detectors has been applied. High boron enrichment of grain boundaries of both iron base and ingot nickel base alloys has been observed. After hot and then cold rolling of the latter specimens boron rearrangement along with the proper deformation of the structure took place. Striation of boron in a hot rolled aluminum alloy along the rolling direction has been observed.     

基于实测荷载的铁路钢桁梁桥疲劳可靠性评估

为了对钢桁梁桥疲劳进行评估,引入可靠性理论,提出了基于实测荷载的桥梁疲劳可靠性评估方法。根据某铁路钢桁梁桥实测车辆荷载数据,建立了随机车辆荷载模型。并在考虑车辆荷载随机性的基础上,结合Monte-Carlo法与有限元,分析了钢桁梁桥构件疲劳应力谱,计算了构件疲劳可靠性随时间的变化,并探讨了车辆荷载及荷载效应变异性对构件疲劳可靠性的影响,最后采用β约界法与静力分析法对钢桁梁桥系统疲劳可靠性进行了研究。结果表明,基于随机车辆荷载的构件疲劳应力谱呈现单峰分布;构件疲劳可靠性随运营时间的增加而减小;车辆荷载的增长及荷载效应变异性的增加对构件疲劳可靠性影响较大,当车辆荷载增长率和等效应力变异系数分别增加到5%时,构件疲劳寿命大幅减小;β约界法结合静力分析法可快速确定钢桁梁桥失效模式,桥梁系统疲劳寿命小于构件疲劳寿命。总的来看,基于实测荷载的钢桁梁桥疲劳可靠性评估方法能有效地利用监测数据,对桥梁疲劳评估具有良好的适用性。     

45~#碳钢激光相变硬化层磨损特性的研究

本文在相同条件下对激光相变硬化处理、淬火-回火及未经处理的45~#碳钢的磨损特性进行了对比试验研究。结果表明,激光相变硬化处理明显地提高了材料表面的抗粘着和抗擦伤能力,因而可以使其在一定负荷和往复速度下的耐磨性能提高一个数量级。往复速度(频率)、负荷对激光相变硬化层和淬火-回火试样之磨损率的影响不同:淬火-回火试样的磨损率随着负荷的增大而迅速增大,但相变硬化层在负荷低于294N时的磨损率增加十分缓慢,只有当负荷超过294N之后才迅速增大;淬火-回火试样的磨损率是随往复频率的增大而迅速降低,而相变硬化层的磨损率随着往复频率的增大却是先上升而后下降,但其量值的变化较小,当往复频率高于每分钟500次时,二者的磨损率基本相同。     

基于Pushover分析的钢框架整体刚度和屈服强度的概率统计特性

近年来随着静力弹塑性分析Pushover方法的广泛应用，基于Pushover分析的结构整体可靠度分析引起了人们很大兴趣。然而，该方法在分析结构承载力的概率特性时，需要进行大量样本的Pushover分析。本文以钢框架结构为例，考虑了结构构件面积、材料弹性模量、屈服强度、恒荷载和活荷载的随机性，根据不同的水平荷载模式对钢框架进行Pushover分析，对钢框架的双线性整体抗力模型参数(弹性刚度、屈服后刚度和屈服强度)的概率分布特性进行K-S检验，并得到了有关统计叁数．结果表明钢框架双线性整体抗力模型参数均服从对教正态分布．