混配型配合物Ni(mnt)(bipyO2)的合成与气敏性能

以cis-1,2-二氰基乙烯-1,2-二硫醇钠(Na2(mnt))、2,2′-联吡啶-1,1′-二氧化物(bipyO2)和NiCl2为原料,合成了一种具有大共轭体系的混配型配合物.用元素分析、差热 热重分析、摩尔电导、红外和紫外光谱对配合物进行表征.该配合物化学式为Ni(mnt)(bipyO2),平面正方形结构,属电中性物质,热分解温度高于335 ℃.不溶于水和常规有机溶剂,可溶于DMSO.该配合物是一种氨敏材料,用它制作的传感器对氨气具有良好的敏感性和选择性;当工作电压为10 V时,在氨气浓度小于2.6 mmol•L－1的范围,传感器的输出信号对氨气呈线性响应.传感器的平均回收率为100.2％,响应时间为20 s,恢复时间为45 s.可用于微量氨的定量分析.     

Application of HPLC to measure vanadium in environmental,biological and clinical matrices

Vanadate and vanadium compounds exist in many environmental, biological and clinical matrices, and despite the need only limited progress has been made on the analysis of vanadium compounds. The vanadium coordination chemistry of different oxidation states is known, and the result of the characterization and speciation analysis depends on the subsequent chemistry and the methods of analysis. Many studies have used a range of methods for the characterization and determination of metal ions in a variety of materials. One successful technique is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that has been used mainly for measuring total vanadium level and metal speciation. Some cases have been reported where complexes of different oxidation states of vanadium have been separated by HPLC. Specifically reversed phase (RP) HPLC has frequently been used for the measurement of vanadium. Other HPLC methods such as normal phase, anion-exchange, cation-exchange, size exclusion and other RP-HPLC modes such as, ion-pair and micellar have been used to separate selected vanadium compounds. We will present a review that summarizes and critically analyzes the reported methods for analysis of vanadium salts and vanadium compounds in different sample matrices. We will compare various HPLC methods and modes including sample preparation, chelating reagents, mobile phase and detection methods. The comparison will allow us to identify the best analytical HPLC method and mode for measuring vanadium levels and what information such methods provide with regard to speciation and quantitation of the vanadium compounds.     

Temperature effect on the rate of formation of free radicals in CTAB-catalyzed decomposition of hydroperoxides

The temperature effect on the rate of the decomposition of hydroperoxides and the rate of the formation of free radicals in the oxidation of ethylbenzene with molecular oxygen in the presence of -phenylethyl hydroperoxide—cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a catalytic system for free radical generation was studied by kinetic methods (from the oxygen consumption and hydroperoxide decomposition rates) and the inhibition method involving different acceptors of free radicals.     

Determination of sophoridine and related lupin alkaloids using tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium electrogenerated chemiluminescence

Electrogenerated chemiluminescences (ECLs) based on tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)₃²⁺) and lupin alkaloids, for instance, sophoridine (SRI), matrine (MT), sophoranol (SR) and sophocarpine (SC) in an aqueous alkaline buffer solution (pH 9.0) are studied. The light emission is mainly caused by an electro-oxidation reaction between tertiary amino group on the alkaloid compounds and Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ in a thin layer flow cell equipped with a glassy carbon disc electrode (22.1 mm²) at the potential of +1.50 V (versus Ag/AgCl). The luminescence wavelength of 610 nm confirmed that ECL is caused by Ru(bpy)₃^2+∗ to its ground state. ECL intensities of these lupin alkaloids are affected by the substituent character, three-dimensional conformation of hydrogen on β-carbon atom. Ionization potentials taken from calculation data further confirm the experimental results. In addition, the factors affecting the determination and HPLC separation of the four alkaloids are also investigated.     

2,2’-二氨基苯氧基二硫化物的电极过程动力学研究

利用循环伏安法、线性伏安法及旋转圆盘电极技术，研究了2,2’-二氨基苯氧基二硫化物(DAPOD)在含有0.1 mol•L－1 LiClO4电解质的乙腈/四氢呋喃有机溶液中，铂、金、玻碳及石墨电极上的电化学行为.伏安结果表明DAPOD中的二硫键与硫巯基之间的氧化还原反应属动力学不可逆过程，这种在室温下表现出的电化学反应不可逆性是有机二硫化物普遍存在的不足，必须通过分子内或分子间的电催化来改善其可逆性能.旋转圆盘电极测试结果显示， DAPOD的阴极还原反应级数为0.5，阳极氧化反应级数为1.由此推知DAPOD电还原属两电子转移反应，分两步完成：第一步为平衡的化学反应步骤；第二步为电子转移步骤，属决速步.同时还测定了DAPOD的阴极与阳极传递系数、交换电流、平衡电势及标准速率常数等相关的动力学常数.通过比较铂、金、玻碳及石墨四种不同材料电极对DAPOD的电极过程的影响,发现石墨对DAPOD的还原过程具有电催化作用.     

Molecular and crystal structure of 2-phenoxy-2λ5-2,2′(3H,3′H)-spirobi[1,3,2-benzoxazaphosphole]

The crystal and molecular structure of 2-phenoxy-2⁵-2,2(3H,3H)-spirobi[1,3,2-benzoxazaphosphole] has been determined using X-ray diffraction structure analysis. The P atom in the molecule in question has a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination, with the bond lengths P-O_ax=1.701(1) and 1.700(1) Å, P-O_eq (Ph)=1.625 Å, P-N_eq=1.654(2) and 1.645(1) Å, and bond angles (O-P-O)_ax=175.69(7)° and (N-P-N)_eq = 132.38(7)°.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 876–879, May, 1993.     

Synthesis and study of organic nitrates of heterofunctional series. 5. Synthesis of 3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane mono- and dinitrates and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (pentaerythritol) mono- and dinitrates

New procedures were developed for the synthesis of 3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane dinitrate (1) by O-nitration of the corresponding glycol (3) or its mononitrate (6), which were prepared by the reactions of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (pentaerythritol) (2) mono- (4) and dinitrates (5), respectively, with alkali. A new method was devised for the synthesis of compounds 4 and 5 by the reaction of tetraol 2 with concentrated HNO₃ in dichloroethane. The structures of compounds 1 and 6 were established by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Trifluoroethylene Sultone: Structure and Chemistry

The gas phase structure of trifluoroethylene sultone, ( 1 ) (3,4,4-trifluoro-1,2-oxathietane-2,2-dioxide) was determined by gas electron diffraction, and the four-membered ring was found to be planar. The following ring parameters (r_a distances and ∠_α angles with 3σ uncertainties) were derived in the electron diffraction analysis: C? O = 1.41 Å (ass.), C? C = 1.541(18) Å, S? O = 1.652(5) Å, S? C = 1.822(8) Å, S? C? C = 86.2(15)°, C? C? O = 97.1(28)°, C? O? S = 97.5(21)°, and O? S? C = 79.1(8)°. New spectral data (IR, NMR) of 1 , its acyclic isomer FSO₂CFHC(O)F ( 2 ), and the related anhydride, FSO₂OSO₂CFHC(O)F ( 3 ), are reported. New esters containing the fluorosulfonyl function, FSO₂CFHC(O)OCH₂CF₃ ( 4 ), FSO₂CFHC(O)OCH₂CH = CH₂ ( 5 ), and (FSO₂CFHC(O)OCH₂CH? CH₂? )_n ( 6 ) have been prepared and characterized.     

Preparation of water‐soluble,syndiotacticity‐rich,low molecular weight poly(vinyl alcohol) microfibrils in high yields with the low‐temperature polymerization of vinyl pivalate in tetrahydrofuran and saponification

To prepare water‐soluble, syndiotacticity‐rich poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microfibrils for various industrial applications, we synthesized syndiotacticity‐rich, low molecular weight PVA by the solution polymerization of vinyl pivalate (VPi) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at low temperatures with 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADMVN) as an initiator and successive saponification of poly(vinyl pivalate) (PVPi). Effects of the initiator and monomer concentrations and the polymerization temperature were investigated in terms of the polymerization behaviors and molecular structures of PVPi and the corresponding syndiotacticity‐rich PVA. The polymerization rate of VPi in THF was proportional to the 0.91 power of the ADMVN concentration, indicating the heterogeneous nature of THF polymerization. The low‐temperature solution polymerization of VPi in THF with ADMVN proved to be successful in obtaining water‐soluble PVA with a number‐average degree of polymerization (P_n) of 300–900, a syndiotactic dyad content of 60–63%, and an ultimate conversion of VPi into PVPi of over 75%. Despite the low molecular weight of PVA with P_n = 800, water‐soluble PVA microfibrillar fibers were prepared because of the high level of syndiotacticity. In contrast, for PVA with P_n = 330, shapeless and globular morphologies were observed, indicating that molecular weight has an important role in the in situ fibrillation of syndiotacticity‐rich PVA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1103–1111, 2002     

Synthesis,characterization, and application of griseofulvin surface molecularly imprinted polymers as the selective solid phase extraction sorbent in rat plasma samples

In present study, an investigation was carried out to develop and validate an analytical method for the selective extraction and determination of griseofulvin (GSF) from plasma samples. For this purpose, a rational approach was made to synthesize and characterize the surface molecularly imprinted polymers (SMIPs). The SMIPs were utilized as solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents. The SMIPs were prepared by using GSF as template molecule on the surface of modified silica particles through a non-covalent technique. The particles demonstrated high adsorption capacity (119.1 µg/mL), fast adsorption equilibrium time (30 min) and good recognition selectivity for the template drug. The scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to explain the structural and morphological characteristics of the SMIPs and surface non-imprinted polymers. The SPE method was combined with HPLC for plasma analysis. The method validation results demonstrated that the established method possessed good linearity for GSF ranging from 0.1 to 50 µg/mL (R² = 0.997). The limit of detection for this method was 0.02 µg/mL for rat plasma samples. The recoveries of GSF from spiked plasma samples were (90.7–97.7%) and relative standard deviations were (0.9–4.5%). Moreover, the SMIPs as selective SPE sorbent can be reused more than 8 times which is a clear advantage over commercial SPE sorbents. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed strategy was assessed by extraction and detection of GSF in real rat plasma samples.