含β-CD单元VCL共聚物微凝胶的合成与性能研究

采用无皂沉淀聚合法,在水溶液中通过N-乙烯基己内酰胺(VCL)与一种单取代乙烯基β-环糊精单体(GMA-EDA-β-CD)的共聚反应,合成出了含有β-CD结构单元的温敏性VCL/GMA-EDA-β-CD共聚物微凝胶.用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、1H核磁共振仪(1H-NMR)、透射电镜(TEM)及激光粒度仪(DLS)对其结构、形态和性能进行了表征.研究结果表明,β-CD结构单元的加入使共聚物微凝胶的粒径减小,粒径分布变窄,但其温敏性降低.     

Novel β-cyclodextrin derivative functionalized polymethacrylate-based monolithic columns for enantioselective separation of ibuprofen and naproxen enantiomers in capillary electrochromatography

A novel enantioselective polymethacrylate-based monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography was prepared by ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups from poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith with a novel β-cyclodextrin derivative bearing 4-dimethylamino-1,8-naphthalimide functionalities. Conditions for the ring-opening reaction with respect to different reaction parameters were thoroughly optimized to obtain high electroosmotic flow, separation efficiency and enantioselectivity for the analytes. The nonaqueous mobile phase composition regarding acetonitrile–methanol ratio and the concentration of electrolyte were examined to manipulate the hydrophobic inclusion and anion-exchange interaction between the analytes and chiral stationary phase. It was observed that in addition to β-cyclodextrin cavity, the electrostatic interaction exhibited pronounced influence on the enantioseparation of acidic analytes. Acidic enantiomers (ibuprofen and naproxen) could be separated with separation factor (α) values up to 1.08 and a maximum separation efficiency of 86 000 plates/m could be achieved.     

Separation and determination of l-tyrosine and its metabolites by capillary zone electrophoresis with a wall-jet amperometric detection

A method of capillary electrophoresis with wall-jet amperometric detection (AD) has been developed for separation and determination of l-tyrosine (Tyr) and its metabolites, such as Tyramine (TA), p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic (pHPP), homogentisic acid (HGA) and some dipeptides containing Tyr, such as Tyr-Gly-Gly (YGG), Tyr-Arg (YR) and Tyr-d-Arg (Y-d-R). A carbon disk electrode was used as the working electrode and the optimal detection potential was 1.00 V (versus Ag/AgCl). At 18 kV of applied voltage, the seven compounds were completely separated within 20 min in 110 × 10⁻³ mol/L Na₂HPO₄–NaH₂PO₄ buffer (pH 7.10) containing 3 × 10⁻³ mol/L β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Good linear relationship was obtained for all analytes and the detection limits of seven analytes were in the range of 0.95–4.25 ng/mL. The proposed method has been applied to examine the metabolic process of l-tyrosine in rabbit's urine.     

β-环糊精功能化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能β-环糊精功能化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂, 利用静电纺丝法制备了聚丙烯腈(PAN)/β-环糊精(β-CD)纳米纤维. 通过场发射扫描电镜、红外光谱和粉末XRD对纳米纤维进行了表征, 并检测了纺丝溶液的电导率和黏度. 结果表明, β-CD的添加量可以改善纳米纤维的形貌, 固定在纤维上的β-CD保留了空腔结构, 为其在纳米纤维中发挥超分子特性提供了可能. 通过紫外-可见光谱法研究了PAN/β-CD纤维对亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的吸附性能. 结果表明, 纳米纤维中的β-CD显著提高了PAN/β-CD纤维对MB的吸附能力, 使其在吸附分离、电化学传感器及药物控制释放等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

包合作用与质子化程度对聚(N-丙烯酰-N′-丙基哌嗪)浊点的影响

聚（N-丙烯酰-N′-丙基哌嗪）(PAcrNPP) 是一种pH和温度双重响应的均聚物,通过调节PAcrNPP溶液的pH值可以改变其质子化程度,随着质子化程度的增加高分子溶液浊点逐渐升高。我们测试了不同尺寸的环糊精(CD)对PAcrNPP浊点的影响,在相同摩尔浓度时,α-CD对高分子溶液浊点影响最大,而α-CD对浊点几乎没有影响。分别在pH 9.0和pH 7.4时测量了含有不同浓度的α-CD的PAcrNPP水溶液的浊点,不同pH条件下,PAcrNPP水溶液的浊点随α-CD浓度的增大而升高。并根据溶液中不同存在形式的PAcrNPP对浊点的贡献,推导了一个方程,从化学平衡的角度说明了环糊精的包合与质子化程度对浊点的共同影响。     

Biomimetic asymmetric aldol reactions catalyzed by proline derivatives attached to β-cyclodextrin in water

Two proline derivatives, (S)-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine and (R)-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine modified β-CD (CD-1, CD-2) were synthesized in the yields of 31% and 14%. Their self-inclusion conformations were characterized by ¹H ROESY NMR studies and quantum calculation. When CD-1 was applied to asymmetric aldol reactions, up to 94% ee was obtained. Substrate selectivity was also observed in these asymmetric aldol reactions.     

Spectral Differences of the Molecule-ion Adducts of β-Cyclodextrin and Lithium Carbonate

A small shielding effect on the hydrogen atoms of chiral carbons of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was detected by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, but a large environmental change of the chiral carbon atoms at high concentration ratios of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) to β-CD was observed by polarimetry in aqueous solution. These findings urged us to investigate whether different formation conditions of the molecule-ion system between Li₂CO₃ and β-CD in solid state were involved in different spectral performances. To answer the question, we prepared three adducts of Li₂CO₃ to β-CD, i.e., samples 1, 2, and 3, by magnetic stirring, solvothermal and grinding conditions, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy provided the information of formation of the three molecule-ion adducts. Besides, scanning electron microscope images provided different surface information of the three adducts. Further, significant spectral differences in thermal behavior of these adducts were found by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry.     

α-氨基酸及其酯化物侧链对其β-环糊精复合物稳定常数的影响

为了探索α-氨基酸及其酯化物的侧链R基团对其与环糊精非共价复合物结合强度的影响,将一定摩尔比的β-环糊精(β-CD)分别与L型正缬氨酸(n-Val)、亮氨酸(Leu)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、天冬氨酸-4-苄酯(Asp-4-benzyl ester)和天冬氨酸-4-叔丁酯(Asp-4-t-butyl ester)在室温下混合,反应平衡后采用电喷雾电离质谱进行竞争反应检测,并以改进的质谱滴定结合曲线拟合法计算结合常数.结果表明,它们均可形成摩尔比为1∶1的非共价复合物.在2组竞争反应中,复合物的结合强度顺序分别为[β-CD∶Asp-4-benzyl ester+H]~+[β-CD∶Asp-4-t-butyl ester+H]~+[β-CD∶Asp+H]~+以及[β-CD∶Phe+H]~+[β-CD∶Leu+H]~+[β-CD∶n-Val+H]~+.质谱滴定曲线拟合法测得[β-CD∶n-Val+H]~+,[β-CD∶Asp+H]~+,[β-CD∶Asp-4-t-butyl ester+H]~+,[β-CD∶Asp-4-benzyl ester+H]~+,[β-CD∶Leu+H]~+和[β-CD∶Phe+H]~+的稳定常数(lgK_(st))分别为1.81,2.54,3.14,3.26,3.36和3.67,结合强度依次增强.竞争反应的定性分析结果与质谱滴定定量法测得结合强度结果的趋势一致.由于所选用的α-氨基酸及其酯化物客体的羧基端(—COOH)和氨基端(—NH_2)均相同,且都为亲水基团,仅有侧链R基团不同,因此在溶液中客体分子受疏水驱动与β-CD主体靠近并结合时,侧链R基团的疏水力和极性2个因素起重要作用.由于客体分子体积小,其碳端的羧基还可与β-CD大口或小口边缘的羟基形成氢键,使复合物更加稳定.     

Photoluminescence of 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylbenzoyl)-1,5-diphenylpyrrole in aqueous and β-cyclodextrin environments: manifestation of open and closed conformers

Steady-state fluorometric studies have been performed on 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylbenzoyl)-1,5-diphenylpyrrole (HMBDPP) in aqueous and aqueous β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) environments at ambient temperature. The fluorophore mostly shows a single emission in aqueous solution. Addition of β-CD to the aqueous solution of the fluorophore results in the development of another emission band at higher energy. The difference in the fluorometric behaviour is assigned to a remarkable change in the polarity of the microenvironment within the supramolecular structural environment compared to that of the bulk aqueous phase. Semi-empirical calculation (AM1-SCI) rules out the possibility of intramolecular proton transfer reaction in any of the S₀, S₁ and T₁ states of the fluorophore. It is proposed that HMBDPP exists mostly in the intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded form (open conformer) in aqueous solution while within β-CD environment, it is the intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded form (closed conformer) that predominates.     

Synthesis of b-Cyclodextrin Bonded Metal Porphyrins

6-Deoxy- 6-iodo-b -cyclodextrin (1) reacted with 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin(2), 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl nickel(II) porphyrin [NiⅡTPPNH2P] (3), 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl manganese(Ⅲ) porphyrin [MnⅢTPPNH2P] (4) and 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl carbonyl ruthenium porphyrin [RuⅡ(CO)TPPNH2P] (5) to generate the compounds 6-9, respectively. Those new compound 5-9 have been identified by 1H NMR, IR, MS and UV-visible spectra and elemental analysis.