非晶态固体的结构可以决定性能吗?

晶态固体的力学性能与塑性变形主要由结构缺陷,比如位错的运动决定.而在非晶态固体中结构如何决定性能,仍然是固体力学、材料学和凝聚态物理学共同关心但尚未解决的核心问题之一.传统材料学研究的经典范式为结构决定性能.遵循这一信条,已经有大量的实验表征与理论、模拟研究,尝试将非晶态固体的某种结构特征与性能建立一一对应关系.但是,科学界对于非晶固体结构-性能关系成立与否,以及背后隐藏的规律知之甚少.本文针对非晶态固体的变形机制以及其微结构特征,基于分子动力学模拟,定量评估短程简单结构与中长程复杂结构在决定非晶态固体动力学性能方面的效用.通过海量抽样每种具体玻璃结构的激活能(标识激发难易程度),尝试将结构参数与激活能建立定量关系,从而揭示出非晶态固体结构-性能关系的隐藏主控因素为结构的空间关联,受限比几何结构本身更关键.只有某种结构在空间上呈现亚纳米级的空间关联长度,这种完备结构才有可能有效地决定非晶态固体的力学性能,而短程简单结构则无效.进一步,给出了评价非晶态固体结构预测性能有效性的普适定量方法,为建立广义无序物质的结构-性能关系提供了筛选准则.     

非晶态固体的结构可以决定性能吗?

晶态固体的力学性能与塑性变形主要由结构缺陷,比如位错的运动决定.而在非晶态固体中结构如何决定性能,仍然是固体力学、材料学和凝聚态物理学共同关心但尚未解决的核心问题之一.传统材料学研究的经典范式为"结构决定性能".遵循这一信条,已经有大量的实验表征与理论、模拟研究,尝试将非晶态固体的某种结构特征与性能建立一一对应关系.但是,科学界对于非晶固体结构-性能关系成立与否,以及背后隐藏的规律知之甚少.本文针对非晶态固体的变形机制以及其微结构特征,基于分子动力学模拟,定量评估短程简单结构与中长程复杂结构在决定非晶态固体动力学性能方面的效用.通过海量抽样每种具体玻璃结构的激活能(标识激发难易程度),尝试将结构参数与激活能建立定量关系,从而揭示出非晶态固体结构-性能关系的隐藏主控因素为结构的空间关联,受限比几何结构本身更关键.只有某种结构在空间上呈现亚纳米级的空间关联长度,这种完备结构才有可能有效地决定非晶态固体的力学性能,而短程简单结构则无效.进一步,给出了评价非晶态固体结构预测性能有效性的普适定量方法,为建立广义无序物质的结构-性能关系提供了筛选准则.     

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定电镀污泥中铜含量

采用微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定电镀污泥中铜含量。结果表明，该法具有简便、快速、准确、重现性好等优点，为电镀污泥的再利用和控制重金属的二次污染提供可靠依据。     

Ni80P20合金的非晶化度与催化活性的关联

采用淬冷法,通过改变冷却铜辊的转速,得到了一系列具有不同非晶化度的Ｎｉ８０Ｐ２０合金材料。以乙炔加氢为探针反应的催化研究结果表明,合金的催化活性随非晶化程度的增加而增加,同时,非晶态合金具有比相应的晶态金合明显优良的催化稳定性,ＸＲＤ和ＡＥＳ深度分析显示：在氧化－还原活化处理过程中,相对晶态合金而言,非晶态合金显示明显的“惰性”,活化后的表面上含有较多的对加氢反应有促进作用的氧化镍相互作用的结构。     

今年流行直发(小小说)

嘟……,手机响了,我打开一看,原来是主任,喂,小王吗?你在哪?主任急匆匆地问道。我说:我正在电镀车间巡视。你赶快去机加车间,那里出事故了,是一起绞发事敌……!听到这我心里咯噔了一下,莫非是她!不会这样凑巧的,我快步向机加车间走去。走进车间大门,一眼就看见那台熟悉的车床旁围着一堆工人,看来果然是她。伤者已被送去医院,车床的传动丝杆上还留有许多带着血迹的发丝,望着它们,思绪把我带回到半年前的一天。我和小俐是高中同学,小俐从小就爱漂亮,尤其是那一头乌黑发亮的头发让我们同学羡慕死了。     

SIMULATION OF PARTICLE COATING IN THE SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDIZED BED

Fluidized bed technology using supercritical carbon dioxide both as a fluidizing gas and as a solvent for the coating material makes possible the production of thin, uniform and solvent-free coatings. But operation at low fluidizing velocities, which is favorable to facilitate gas cleaning under the high pressure conditions, may lead to uneven distribution of the coating in the fluidized bed and to unstable operation due to agglomeration. Therefore a model has been developed which describes local fluid dynamics within the high pressure fluidized bed. Based on this model, the coating process is described and the distribution of the coating inside the fluidized bed is calculated. Furthermore a submodel for the calculation of local concentrations of liquid paraffin has been set up, which may be used as a basis for the prediction of agglomeration and thus stability of operation.     

Magnetically stabilized bed reactor for selective hydrogenation of olefins in reformate with amorphous nickel alloy catalyst

A magnetically stabilized bed （MSB） reactor for selective hydrogenation of olefins in reformate was developed by combining the advantages of MSB and amorphous nickel alloy catalyst. The effects of operating conditions, such as temperature, pressure, liquid space velocity, hydrogen-to-oil ratio, and magnetic field intensity on the reaction were studied. A mathematical model of MSB reactor for hydrogenation of olefins in reformate was established. A reforming flow scheme with a post-hydrogenation MSB reactor was proposed. Finally, MSB hydrogenation was compared with clay treatment and conventional post-hydrogenation.     

非晶(Fe0.99Mo0.01)78Si9B13,Fe78Si9B13合金激波晶化主相α-Fe变化研究

研究激波对非晶FeBSi,FeMoBSi合金的影响,经X射线衍射分析,测定主晶化相α-Fe(Mo,B,Si)晶格常量.结果表明：晶格常量比正常值偏小,用双势模型计算晶格常量,理论值与实验符合得很好.从而肯定晶格常量变小是形成B的替代式固溶体和缺位式固溶体所致. 关键词：     

中子辐照对Pd80Si20与Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5非晶态合金结构的影响

本工作用X射线衍射技术示差扫描量热法(DSC)和内耗测量等手段研究金属-类金属非晶态合金Pd₈₀Si₂₀和Pd_77.5Cu₆Si_16.5中子辐照前后的微观结构变化。结果表明,辐照在两种样品的对关联函数g(r)以及径向分布函数RDF(r)上都引起明显的变化;辐照后样品的晶化温度和晶化热有所提高,结构变得更加无序,Pd₈₀Si₂₀非晶态合金的内耗在T关键词：     

Preparation and photoluminescence of nanowire array and films of cadmium sulfied by electrodepositing in organic solvent

Nanowir array and film of cadmium sulfide were prepared by eletroplating in organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide with CdCl2 and element sulfur under different temperature and current density.The UV-VIS absorption spectra show that increasing the electroplating temperature is benefit to forming perfect crystallites of energy shift for the lowest sveral excitons is given and compared with th experiment.The photoluminescence spectrum consists of two parts:the first is produced by recombination of the defcets and the second by recombination of excitons.