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1.
The technique of electron spectroscopy (ESCA) is reviewed. Those aspects are discussed which seem to be of greatest potential interest to workers in environmental studies. Basic theory of the photoelectron ejection process is considered along with the Auger effect. Factors affecting the calculation of electron binding energies are discussed. Instrumentation utilizing both magnetic and electrostatic monochromators is discussed in some detail.

The nature of ESCA data is considered, along with an extensive tabulation of chemical shifts observed for 15 elements. Application of ESCA to surface studies is reviewed, using examples like effect of layers of material on electron intensities, investigations of zeolites and some elementary catalysis studies. A review of the quantitative aspects of ESCA considers the determination of arsenic in soils and the measurement of mixed oxide ratios.  相似文献   
2.
Three-dimensional(3D)vertical architecture transistors represent an important technological pursuit,which have distinct advantages in device integration density,operation speed,and power consumption.However,the fabrication processes of such 3D devices are complex,especially in the interconnection of electrodes.In this paper,we present a novel method which combines suspended electrodes and focused ion beam(FIB)technology to greatly simplify the electrodes interconnection in 3D devices.Based on this method,we fabricate 3D vertical core-double shell structure transistors with ZnO channel and Al2O3 gate-oxide both grown by atomic layer deposition.Suspended top electrodes of vertical architecture could be directly connected to planar electrodes by FIB deposited Pt nanowires,which avoid cumbersome steps in the traditional 3D structure fabrication technology.Both single pillar and arrays devices show well behaved transfer characteristics with an Ion/Ioff current ratio greater than 106 and a low threshold voltage around 0 V.The ON-current of the 2×2 pillars vertical channel transistor was 1.2μA at the gate voltage of 3 V and drain voltage of 2 V,which can be also improved by increasing the number of pillars.Our method for fabricating vertical architecture transistors can be promising for device applications with high integration density and low power consumption.  相似文献   
3.
海洋激光雷达测量海中悬移质   总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2  
吴东  刘智深  张凯临  张博  贺岩 《光学学报》2003,23(2):45-248
研制了一套采用倍频YAG激光器的小型海洋激光雷达,用于测量海中悬移质浓度,2000年8月28日至9月5日,该系统安装于“东方红Ⅱ”号右舷下甲板,在渤海海区进行海中悬移质浓度现场测量,通过对18个站位的海洋激光雷达数据分析,获得的表层悬移质浓度与同步测量的海中悬移质浓度结果吻合较好。  相似文献   
4.
Metallic nanofilms are important components of nanoscale electronic circuits and nanoscale sensors. The accurate characterization of the thermophysical properties of nanofilms is very important for nanoscience and nanotechnology. Currently, there is very little specific heat data for metallic nanofilms, and the existing measurements indicate distinct differences according to the nanofilm size. The present work reports the specific heats of 40-nm-thick suspended platinum nanofilms at 80-380 K and ~5×10-4 Pa using the 3ω method. Over 80-380 K, the specific heats of the Pt nanofilms range from 166-304 J/(kg·K), which are 1.65-2.60 times the bulk values, indicating significant size effects. These results are useful for both scientific research in nanoscale thermophysics and evaluating the transient thermal response of nanoscale devices.  相似文献   
5.
This paper reports that a novel type of suspended ZnO nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs) were successfully fabricated using a photolithography process, and their electrical properties were characterized by I--V measurements. Single-crystalline ZnO nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, they were used as a suspended ZnO nanowire channel of back-gate field-effect transistors (FET). The fabricated suspended nanowire FETs showed a p-channel depletion mode, exhibited high on--off current ratio of ~105. When VDS=2.5 V, the peak transconductances of the suspended FETs were 0.396 μS, the oxide capacitance was found to be 1.547 fF, the pinch-off voltage VTH was about 0.6 V, the electron mobility was on average 50.17 cm2/Vs. The resistivity of the ZnO nanowire channel was estimated to be 0.96× 102Ω cm at VGS = 0 V. These characteristics revealed that the suspended nanowire FET fabricated by the photolithography process had excellent performance. Better contacts between the ZnO nanowire and metal electrodes could be improved through annealing and metal deposition using a focused ion beam.  相似文献   
6.
田士兵  顾长志  李俊杰 《物理学报》2018,67(12):126803-126803
石墨烯与金属间的相互作用是石墨烯器件研究中的关键问题之一,其涉及石墨烯器件的电学接触、锂离子电池石墨烯电极、石墨烯金属光学等方面.本文重点研究了不同层数的悬空石墨烯表面金纳米膜退火前后的形貌演化过程,观测到两个重要的现象:1)排除基底影响后的悬空石墨烯层数可以通过金纳米膜的形貌特征进行确认,但其随层数的变化趋势与有基底支撑的石墨烯正好相反;2)退火处理后的悬空石墨烯上的金纳米膜形貌演化过程具有类似水滴在荷叶上的行为.对悬空石墨烯表面金属纳米膜在退火前后的形貌变化规律及其现象背后的物理机理进行了详细的讨论和理论解释.  相似文献   
7.
采用高效液相色谱法研究了宁波市象山港某养殖场悬浮沉积物对壬基酚、辛基酚及双酚A 3种酚类环境激素的吸附行为. 结果表明: 壬基酚、辛基酚及双酚A在悬浮沉积物上的吸附是一个复合动力学过程, 吸附量具有波动特征; 吸附等温线可用Henry线性分配模型及Freundlich模型进行数学描述; 沉积物对3种酚类环境激素的平衡吸附量大小为壬基酚>辛基酚>双酚A; 有机质含量影响壬基酚、辛基酚及双酚A在沉积物中的吸附行为, 3种沉积物的平衡吸附量大小表现为加腐殖酸沉积物>沉积物原样>去除有机质的沉积物; 酚类环境激素在沉积物中的浓度积累增大了养殖水域底栖生物的接触风险.  相似文献   
8.
Abstract

The spread and variation in 206Pb/207Pb ratios make Pb isotopes a powerful tool when it comes to detecting trends in airborne particulates originating mainly from power plants. This study was conducted to determine the source of pollution in Kozani area, an affected industrial area. Lead isotopic ratios of air filters under certain meteorological conditions were compared to Pb isotope analyses sampled from lignite mines, but also to Pb isotope analyses of cultivations in soil originating from the reclamation of old abandoned lignite-mines. The particles taken into consideration have an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10). The measurements were carried out in a central part of the town of Kozani, West Macedonia, for one year observation period. The lead isotope values of air filters and of wheat in the Kozani area are between the values of lignite Pb and of Greek gasoline.  相似文献   
9.
Directly suspended droplet liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (LLLME) has been used to determine residues of diclofenac (2-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl) aminophenyl] ethanoic acid), in environmental water samples. In this technique a free suspended droplet of an aqueous solvent is delivered to the top-center position of an immiscible organic solvent floating on the top of an aqueous sample while being agitated by a stirring bar placed on the bottom of the sample cell. Recently, diclofenac was found as an environmental contaminant in sewage, surface, ground and drinking water samples. In the present work, diclofenac was extracted from water samples by LLLME and analysed by HPLC with UV detection at 281 nm. Factors such as organic solvent, extraction and back extraction times, stirring rate and the pH of acceptor and donor phases were optimized. Enrichment factor and detection limit (LOD, n = 7) were 102 and 0.1 μg L−1, respectively. The linearity ranged from 0.5 to 2,000 μg−1 with a %RSD (n = 5) of 7.2 at S/N = 3. All experiments were carried out at room temperature (22 ± 0.5 °C).  相似文献   
10.
悬浮床加氢裂化水溶性催化剂的筛选与表征   总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14  
催化加氢作用, 当金属组分A和组分B浓度分别为 15 μg/g ~ 25 μg/g 和 1100 μg/g~1300 μg/g时催化剂具有较好的催化加氢活性。两元水溶性催化剂硫化后的XPS、XRD和TEM分析结果表明:活性组分经硫化反应后生成了金属硫化物,但组分A硫化率不足50%;组分B易硫化结晶,其晶粒成为组分A的硫化物晶粒或颗粒分散的“载体”,使组分A的硫化物具有较高的分散度,提高了催化剂的加氢活性;A-B双金属水溶性催化剂经硫化反应后所形成的颗粒尺寸在100 nm左右,说明两元金属催化剂在硫化结晶过程中确实存在相互分散和抑制晶粒增长的作用。  相似文献   
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