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1.
Safflower seed oil (SSO) is considered to be an excellent edible oil since it contains abundant essential unsaturated fatty acids and lipid concomitants. However, the traditional alkali-refined deacidification process of SSO results in a serious loss of bioactive components of the oil and also yields massive amounts of wastewater. In this study, SSO was first extracted by ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction (UAEE), and the extraction process was optimized using random centroid optimization. By exploring the effects of ethanol concentration, solid–liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, and the number of deacidification times, the optimum conditions for the deacidification of safflower seed oil were obtained as follows: ethanol concentration 100%, solid–liquid ratio 1:4, ultrasonic time 29 min, and number of deacidification cycles (×2). The deacidification rate was 97.13% ± 0.70%, better than alkali-refining (72.16% ± 0.13%). The values of acid, peroxide, anisidine and total oxidation of UAEE-deacidified SSO were significantly lower than those of alkali-deacidified SSO (p < 0.05). The contents of the main lipid concomitants such as tocopherols, polyphenols, and phytosterols in UAEE-decidified SSO were significantly higher than those of the latter (p < 0.05). For instance, the DPPH radical scavenging capacity of UAEE-processed SSO was significantly higher than that of alkali refining (p < 0.05). The Pearson bivariate correlation analysis before and after the deacidification process demonstrated that the three main lipid concomitants in SSO were negatively correlated with the index of peroxide, anisidine, and total oxidation values. The purpose of this study was to provide an alternative method for the deacidification of SSO that can effectively remove free fatty acids while maintaining the nutritional characteristics, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant capacity of SSO.  相似文献   
2.
In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to extract bioactive substances with skin-whitening, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant effects from safflower seeds, and the extraction conditions were optimized by a central composite design. The independent variables, including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C), and ethanol concentration (0.0~100%), were optimized to increase tyrosinase activity inhibitory (TAI), collagenase activity inhibitory (CAI), and radical scavenging activity (RSA), which are indicators of skin-whitening, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant effects. An extraction time of 26.4 min, extraction temperature of 52.1 °C, and ethanol concentration of 50.7% were found to be optimum conditions of UAE, under which TAI, CAI, and RSA were 53.3%, 91.5%, and 27.7%, respectively. The extract produced by UAE was analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and maleic acid and levulinic acid were identified as the main substances. Therefore, UAE is evaluated as an effective process to extract skin-whitening, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant substances from safflower seeds at lower temperatures and shorter extraction times compared to the conventional extraction methods. Overall, safflower seeds extract can be used as a material for value-added cosmetics, including maleic acid and levulinic acid, which have bioactive functions.  相似文献   
3.
采用火焰原子吸收光谱法和表面增敏的方法测定了红花中Cu、Fe、Zn的含量。实验表明,使用表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),可使Zn的吸光度增感34.91%,使Cu增感37.39%,Fe增感232.10%。该法的检测限分别为Zn1.85×10-3μg/mL;Fe1.50×10-2μg/mL;Cu3.50×10-2μg/mL,加标回收率在99.37%~104.23%之间。该法灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于红花等中草药中Cu、Fe、Zn的同时测定。  相似文献   
4.
The oil contents of safflower seeds ranged from 23.08% to 36.51%. The major fatty acid of safflower oil is linoleic acid, which accounted for 55.1–77.0% in oils, with a mean value of 70.66%. Three types of tocopherols were found in safflower oil in various amount α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, ranged from 46.05 to 70.93 mg/100 g, 0.85 to 2.16 mg/100 g and trace amount to 0.45 mg/100 g oils, respectively. This research shows that both fatty acid and tocopherol contents differ significantly among the safflowers.  相似文献   
5.
 在无溶剂及二(2-乙基己基)丁二酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)/异辛烷/磷酸盐缓冲液微乳液体系中,研究了黑曲霉脂肪酶催化红花油水解反应的动力学. 结果表明,无溶剂及微乳液体系中反应的活化能分别为32.205和7.391 kJ/mol. 酶在无溶剂体系中的热稳定性高于微乳液中. 无溶剂及微乳液体系中的表观米氏常数分别为0.135和0.101 mol/L. 在两种体系中,乙醇对水解反应的抑制作用均为竞争性可逆抑制,且均在底物浓度大于0.819 mol/L时出现底物抑制现象. 结合胶团催化理论和酯键水解机理对两种体系中酶水解性能的差异进行了解释.  相似文献   
6.
红花中红花黄色素含量的反相高效液相色谱测定   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文分离纯化了红花(Carthamus tinctorius L)中Safflower yellow A,Safflomin A,Safflower yellow B,Safflomin C四种红花黄色素,并用所纯化的红花黄色素做标准品,用反相高效液相色谱法,梯度洗脱,同时测定了不同产地红花中四种红花黄色素的含量。该方的法准确度高,重现性好。  相似文献   
7.
无溶剂体系中脂肪酶催化红花油水解反应   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
无溶剂体系中脂肪酶催化红花油水解反应;水解;红花油;无溶剂体系;脂肪酶  相似文献   
8.
Safflower has both medicinal and edible values but research on its nutrient composition is still lacking. This study was established for the quantitative determination of 28 nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids based on the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple‐quadrupole linear ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of 30 batches of safflower from different producing areas indicated that the contents of l ‐proline, l ‐asparagine, l (+)‐arginine, l ‐serine, l ‐histidine, uracil, guanosine, and uridine was high in safflower. Principle component analysis and cluster analysis found that samples from different regions could be distinguished well, and samples from the same area could be clustered into one class, different geographical environments may cause the differences of nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids in safflower. The analysis of principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and counter propagation artificial neural network show similar results. Then the content of nucleosides, nucleobases, and essential amino acids were compared, and found that the content in safflower from Gansu was higher than those from other regions, and there was a little difference between the samples from Xinjiang, Sichuan, and Yunnan. This research revealed the composition of nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids in safflower, and provided a theoretical basis for utilization of safflower.  相似文献   
9.
温度对红花抗氧化活性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)在100℃时。加热不同的时间2,6。15,21,30h。测定其红外漫反射光谱。图谱表明。加热可能使红花中某些化学成分的结构发生了变化。进一步比较加热前后红花水提物及乙醇提取物对超氧自由基。DPPH自由基的清除作用。结果进一步表明,加热使红花某些活性成分的结构发生了变化。而使其抗氧化活性受到较大影响。  相似文献   
10.
红花黄色素提取工艺的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以药典规定的水溶性黄色素吸收度为检测指标,考察了红花黄色素的最佳水提提取工艺。研究结果表明,影响红花黄色素提取量的条件由大到小顺序为:提取次数,水用量,提取时间,其中以提取次数影响最大。最佳提取工艺为:采用16倍水,每次提取时间1 h,3次后提取基本完全。  相似文献   
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