野生与种植青海川西獐牙菜中微量元素的测定

为了对比野生与种植青海川西獐牙菜中微量元素的变化,分别采集野生川西獐牙菜与种植青海川西獐牙菜种子采收前后的全植株,采用原子吸收光谱仪测定了其铜、锌、铁、锰、钴等微量元素含量。结果表明,野生川西獐牙菜较种植青海川西獐牙菜中微量元素含量高,种植川西獐牙菜在成熟种子采收后较采收前(花果期)铁、锰、钴、锌等元素含量高。     

宁波市耕地动态及其驱动力的初步研究

利用宁波市55年长序列耕地统计数据，20余年相关社会经济资料，从宁渡市耕地的数量变化、利用程度的变化和变化的区域差异等方面，分析了宁波市耕地动态变化的趋势和规律．应用主成分分析，定量地诊断出耕地变化的驱动因子，揭示耕地变化的驱动机制．结果表明：耕地数量总体呈不断减少趋势，人口压力、经济发展动态是影响宁波市耕地动态变化的主要动因．在此基础上，运用多元回归分析建立耕地变化回归模型．该成果将为宁波市合理地利用和保护耕地提供理论指导．     

耕地模糊综合定级体系初探

本文探讨了耕地模糊综合定级法的基本原理、特点和数学模型以及技术路线 ,并运用此法对耕地进行模拟定级 ,最后就此法的实际应用进行客观评价 .     

长白山地区几种红景天品种的傅里叶变换红外光谱法鉴别研究

分别用石油醚,氯仿,甲醇对长白山地区的野生和栽培高山红景天和长白红景天进行了提取,并首次对提取物进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定,还用红景天块做了相应的验证研究。结果表明,长白山地区的野生和栽培高山红景天和长白红景天的红外光谱图谱有明显不同,故可用作鉴别其品种或评价其质量的一种手段。     

HPLC and NMR analysis of the phenyl-ethanoid glycosides pattern of Verbascum thapsus L. cultivated in the Etnean area

In this work the HPLC and NMR analysis of the phenyl-ethanoid glycosides (PhGs) pattern of a cultivated exemplar of Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) from the Etnean area (Sicily, Italy) was performed in order to verify their possible presence. Wild V. thapsus is well-known in ethnopharmacology due to the several beneficial effects that it is able to exert and which are primarily due to these compounds. So, it’s extremely important that also cultivated exemplars of this species biosynthesize them in order to maintain their pharmacological properties. This study revealed the presence of seven PhGs in an unusual novel pattern. Thus, this exemplar is a very good potential source of this class of natural products and may be employed for several beneficial ethnopharmacological purposes.     

不同月份栽培藏木香微量元素的含量测定及动态分析

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对不同月份栽培藏木香中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca、K、Mg和Na8种微量元素进行了分析测定。结果表明,在选定的测定条件下,栽培藏木香中各元素间相互干扰小,对测定无明显影响。方法的标准曲线线性关系良好(r=0.997 3~0.999 9),方法回收率(n=7)在97.5%~100.3%之间,RSD值(n=7)在1.16%~2.76%之间。栽培藏木香中K、Ca、Mg含量较高且不同月份微量元素含量有所不同,其中Zn、Cu、Mn含量基本稳定;K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe等元素含量呈现较大幅度的变化趋势。研究结果为合理利用藏木香资源提供了可靠依据。     

177 Saponins,Including 11 New Compounds in Wild Ginseng Tentatively Identified via HPLC-IT-TOF-MSn,and Differences among Wild Ginseng,Ginseng under Forest,and Cultivated Ginseng

Wild ginseng (W-GS), ginseng under forest (F-GS, planted in mountain forest and growing in natural environment), and cultivated ginseng (C-GS) were compared via HPLC-DAD and HPLC-IT-TOF-MSⁿ. A total of 199 saponins, including 16 potential new compounds, were tentatively identified from 100 mg W-GS (177 saponins in W-GS with 11 new compounds), F-GS (56 saponins with 1 new compound), and C-GS (60 saponins with 6 new compounds). There were 21 saponins detected from all the W-GS, F-GS, and C-GS. Fifty saponins were only detected from W-GS, including 23 saponins found in ginseng for the first time. Contents of ginsenosides Re (12.36–13.91 mg/g), Rh₁ (7.46–7.65 mg/g), Rd (12.94–12.98 mg/g), and the total contents (50.52–55.51 mg/g) of Rg₁, Re, Rf, Rb₁, Rg₂, Rh₁, and Rd in W-GS were remarkably higher than those in F-GS (Re 1.22–3.50 mg/g, Rh₁ 0.15–1.49 mg/g, Rd 0.19–1.49 mg/g, total 5.69–18.74 mg/g), and C-GS (Re 0.30–3.45 mg/g, Rh₁ 0.05–3.42 mg/g, Rd 0.17–1.68 mg/g, total 2.99–19.55 mg/g). Contents of Re and Rf were significantly higher in F-GS than those in C-GS (p < 0.05). Using the contents of Re, Rf, or Rb₁, approximately a half number of cultivated ginseng samples could be identified from ginseng under forest. Contents of Rg₁, Re, Rg₂, Rh₁, as well as the total contents of the seven ginsenosides were highest in ginseng older than 15 years, middle–high in ginseng between 10 to 15 years old, and lowest in ginseng younger than 10 years. Contents of Rg₁, Re, Rf, Rb₁, Rg₂, and the total of seven ginsenosides were significantly related to the growing ages of ginseng (p < 0.10). Similarities of chromatographic fingerprints to W-GS were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for F-GS (median: 0.824) than C-GS (median: 0.745). A characteristic peak pattern in fingerprint was also discovered for distinguishing three types of ginseng. Conclusively, wild ginseng was remarkably superior to ginseng under forest and cultivated ginseng, with ginseng under forest slightly closer to wild ginseng than cultivated ginseng. The differences among wild ginseng, ginseng under forest, and cultivated ginseng in saponin compositions and contents of ginsenosides were mainly attributed to their growing ages.     

耕地利用转型的时空格局与转移路径——以沪浙闽为例

以沪浙闽案例区耕地为研究对象,基于乡村振兴发展理念与“人—地—业”协调发展观,构建评价指标,对沪浙闽耕地利用进行测度,运用耦合度、空间自相关和标准差椭圆等方法,分析2005—2020年沪浙闽耕地利用指数,探索耕地利用转型的时空分布及转移路径。结果表明：（1） 2005—2020年研究区各耕地利用转型指数整体呈下降趋势且耕地利用差异性不断减小。（2）研究区耕地利用空间转型与功能转型耦合度稳定在0.8～0.9,呈现完美协调,但耕地利用空间转型主要集中在北部且研究区耕地利用空间转型减弱,表明耕地数量和结构特征不断变化且渐趋协调。（3）研究区耕地利用功能转型主要集中在南部且耕地利用功能转型呈减弱趋势,表明耕地功能不断变化且渐趋协调。（4）耕地利用空间转型和功能转型在地理空间上较集聚。在空间转型方面,数量特征集聚性强于结构特征。在功能转型方面,生活功能集聚性最强,生态功能集聚性不明显。（5）综合转型重心先向南后向北移动,空间转型重心一直向北移动,功能转型重心先南移后北上。功能转型覆盖区主要集中在南部,空间转型主要集中在北部。     

青海省西宁种植山莨菪中重金属元素特征

青海地道中藏药材山莨菪人工引种栽培试验成功。采集两年生和三年生种植山莨菪在不同生长期的植物全植株,采用流动注射氢化法原子吸收光谱分别测试了其不同组织中铅、砷、汞、镉等重金属元素含量。结果表明,山莨菪在生长周期内吸收的重金属元素并非全部蓄积在根组织器官中,部分重金属元素通过年生长周期内的生长发育而随着地上茎叶部分等组织器官的枯萎被代谢排出植物体外。     

Anti-Ageing Potential of S. euboea Heldr. Phenolics

In recent years, the use of Sideritis species as bioactive agents is increasing exponentially. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents, as well as the anti-ageing potential of the cultivated Sideritis euboea Heldr. The chemical fingerprinting of the ethyl acetate residue of this plant was studied using 1D and 2D-NMR spectra. Isomeric compounds belonging to acylated flavone derivatives and phenylethanoid glycosides were detected in the early stage of the experimental process through 2D-NMR techniques. Overall, thirty-three known compounds were isolated and identified. Some of them are reported for the first time not only in S. euboea, but also in genus Sideritis L. The anti-ageing effect of the ethyl acetate residue and the isolated specialized products was assessed as anti-hyaluronidase activity. In silico docking simulation revealed the interactions of the isolated compounds with hyaluronidase. Furthermore, the in vitro study on the inhibition of hyaluronidase unveiled the potent inhibitory properties of ethyl acetate residue and apigenin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. Though, the isomers of apigenin 7-O-p-coumaroyl-glucosides and also the 4′-methyl-hypolaetin 7-O-[6′′′-O-acetyl-β-d-allopyranosyl]-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside exerted moderate hyaluronidase inhibition. This research represents the first study to report on the anti-hyaluronidase activity of Sideritis species, confirming its anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-ageing effects and its importance as an agent for cosmetic formulations as also anticancer potential.