Recoil spectrometry: Ion accelerator based elemental characterisation of surface layers

Recoil Spectrometry covers a group of techniques that are very similar to the well known Rutherford backscattering Spectrometry technique, but with the important difference that one measures the recoiling target atom rather than the projectile ion. This makes it possible to determine both the identity of the recoil and its depth of origin from its energy and velocity, using a suitable detector system. The incident ion is typically high-energy (30–100MeV)³⁵C1,⁸¹Br or¹²⁷I. Low concentrations of light elements such as C, O and N can be profiled in a heavy matrix such as Fe or GaAs. Here we present an overview of mass and energy dispersive recoil Spectrometry and illustrate its successful use in some typical applications.     

高效液相色谱法测定橡胶促进剂TBBS

采用反相高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了橡胶促进剂N－叔丁基－2－苯并噻唑次磺酰胺（TBBS）的纯度，标准偏差小于0．3。     

The W algorithm and the D transformation for the numerical evaluation of three‐center nuclear attraction integrals

Three‐center nuclear attraction integrals over exponential‐type functions are required for ab initio molecular structure calculations and density functional theory (DFT). These integrals occur in many millions of terms, even for small molecules, and they require rapid and accurate numerical evaluation. The use of a basis set of B functions to represent atomic orbitals, combined with the Fourier transform method, led to the development of analytic expressions for these molecular integrals. Unfortunately, the numerical evaluation of the analytic expressions obtained turned out to be extremely difficult due to the presence of two‐dimensional integral representations, involving spherical Bessel integral functions. % The present work concerns the development of an extremely accurate and rapid algorithm for the numerical evaluation of these spherical Bessel integrals. This algorithm, which is based on the nonlinear D transformation and the W algorithm of Sidi, can be computed recursively, allowing the control of the degree of accuracy. Numerical analysis tests were performed to further improve the efficiency of our algorithm. The numerical results section demonstrates the efficiency of this new algorithm for the numerical evaluation of three‐center nuclear attraction integrals. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007     

Comparison of the effectiveness of epoxy cure accelerators using a fluorescent molecular probe

A simple optical method for quantitative comparison of the effectiveness of epoxy cure accelerators, used for speeding up the crosslinking process of epoxy resins with cyclic anhydrides, is described. Fluorescent molecular probes and a miniature fiber optic spectrometer have been applied for measurement of the cure kinetics of a model epoxy resin/anhydride composition in the presence of various cure accelerators. A quantitative index of accelerator performance has been determined for several of the most common accelerators.     

Nuclear Physics in Norway, 1933–1955

In the late 1940s and the 1950s, Norwegian nuclear scientists, engineers, and administrators were deeply split over their nation’s goals, organization, politics, and tools for research in nuclear physics. One faction was determined to build a nuclear reactor in Norway, while another fiercely opposed the reactor plans and focused on particle accelerators. The first faction comprised scientific entrepreneurs and research technologists, the second academic scientists, most of whom began their research careers in nuclear physics in the 1930s. To understand this conflict, I trace the development of nuclear research in Norway from the early 1930s to the mid-1950s, placing it within an international context. Roland Wittje is working on his habilitation thesis in the History of Science Unit at the University of Regensburg, Germany.     

亚皮秒太瓦脉冲激光与物质相互作用研究进展

当前亚皮称太瓦超短冲激光技术的发展为激光与物质相互作用领域提供了许劝人心的研究机会，从激光与单个原子的相互作用到激光等离子体中的集体效应，如原子的高度离化、Ｘ射线激光、等离子体波导，等离子体粒子加速器，快速点火方案等等，文章评述了最近几年这方面的研究进展。     

Professor Dr. Justus Mühlenpfordt zum 60. Geburtstag

An efficient potential for radiation research has been developed at the Central Institute of Isotope and Radiation Research in Leipzig since 1969. 2Iany problems in the field of basic and applied research of radiation chemistry and biology have been studied. Ten gamma plants and two electron accelerators have been designed and established for scientific, industrial and agricultural application.     

Ein Farbumchlag-Indikator zur Sichtbarmachung von Strahlungsfeldern und zur Strahljustierung an Großbestrahlungsanlagen

Bei der Darstellung von Indiumoxinat aus Indiumchlorid und 8-Hydroxychinolin kann es bei Anwesenheit geringster Mengen von Schwernetallverunreinigungen (> 2 × 10^?6 g) zu einer kompetitiven Hemmung der Oxinatbildung kommen. Die dadurch erfordcrliche Erhöhung der Oxinmenge führt zu einer abnehmenden Stabilität der damit markierten Thrombozyten bzw. Leukozyten. Es wird eine optimierte Methode zur Reinigung des Indutmchlorids mittels Ionenaustauscherchromatographie beschrieben, die eine Abtrennung aller störenden Fremdionen bei einem minimalen zeitlichen und apparativen Aufwand ermöglicht.     

Frictional cooling: Experimental results

The classical methods used in beam cooling are hard to be adapted for a beam of short-lived elementary particles. A novel method, the so-called frictional cooling – that is cooling a beam of low-energy charged particles by moderation in matter and acceleration in an electrostatic field – has been shown to be feasible. In our experiments performed in 1994/1995 a beam of short-lived particles was cooled for the first time ever. Utilizing frictional cooling on a beam of slow negative muons we observed increase in phase space density by about one order of magnitude. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.