爆炸荷载下沉箱重力式码头模型毁伤效应

在野外条件下开展了不同爆炸荷载条件下沉箱重力式码头模型毁伤效应实验，得到了沉箱重力式码头模型在1 kg TNT当量空中爆炸、水下爆炸以及结构内部爆炸后的毁伤模式，并针对不同毁伤模式给出了相应的抢修建议。实验结果表明:空中爆炸荷载下码头仅面板局部破坏形成爆坑；水下爆炸荷载下码头迎爆面及相近区域形成大量裂缝；结构内部爆炸荷载下码头仓格大变形破坏且中间面板被掀飞；从横向对比来看，在相同爆炸当量下空中爆炸荷载下码头毁伤程度最小，结构内部爆炸荷载下码头毁伤程度最大。     

钙质砂的准一维应变压缩试验研究

利用?100 mm的Hopkinson压杆研究了不同预压力条件下,受侧限约束的钙质砂在500～800 s~(-1)应变率范围、0～200 MPa压力范围内的动态力学特性,并利用HUT106D万能材料试验机研究了相同条件钙质砂在2×10~(-3) s~(-1)应变率、0～120 MPa压力范围内的静态力学特性。研究发现,当再次加载超过一定值后,预压力对钙质砂力学特性的影响不大;Tait物态方程可以描述钙质砂的静态容变关系及高压下的动态容变关系;钙质砂的体积压缩过程存在应变率效应。     

变截面爆炸成型弹丸垂直侵彻装甲钢板靶后破片质量模型

考虑爆炸成型弹丸(explosively-formed projectile，EFP)变截面的特性，基于流体力学Bernoulli方程和绝热剪切理论，改进了EFP垂直侵彻装甲钢板靶后破片质量模型，结合已有的试验数据和数值仿真方法检验了改进后模型的准确性。在此基础上，分析了靶板厚度和EFP着靶速度对靶板和EFP产生的靶后破片质量的影响规律。结果表明:相比于改进前的模型，改进后的模型能够更准确地解释靶板和EFP产生的靶后破片质量随靶板厚度和EFP着靶速度的变化规律；当EFP着靶速度为1 650 m/s时，随着靶板厚度从30 mm增大到70 mm，EFP变截面的特性对靶板和EFP产生靶后破片质量的影响不断增强；当靶板厚度为40 mm时，随着EFP着靶速度从1 650 m/s升高到1 860 m/s，EFP变截面的特性对靶板和EFP产生靶后破片质量的影响不断减弱。     

弹体侵彻混凝土靶体的尺寸效应分析

由于混凝土靶体抗刚性弹侵彻实验大多基于缩比弹体展开，侵彻深度相似律是否成立显得尤为重要。在侵彻相似模型基础上，综合分析已有侵彻实验数据及经验公式，发现侵彻深度在通常情况下存在尺寸效应，且无量纲侵彻深度随弹体尺寸变大而增大。但如果模型以及原型实验中弹体与混凝土靶体（包括粗骨料）严格等比例设计，侵彻深度相似律是成立的。不变的骨料特征（粗骨料未随弹体尺寸缩放）是引起侵彻实验以及侵彻经验公式中尺寸效应的主要原因。为研究由粗骨料引起的侵彻尺寸效应，开发了混凝土二维细观有限元建模程序，细观数值实验成功地反映出了侵彻尺寸效应，考虑模拟尺寸效应后的侵彻公式能较好地预测不同尺寸侵彻实验。     

地下强爆炸诱发地表塌陷的试验模拟与应用

地下核爆炸后会在地表产生下陷弹坑、塌陷带等不可逆变形爆炸后效应，利用地表形变信息对地下核试验进行有效监控和评估具有十分重要的意义。基于考虑重力影响的地下强爆炸塌陷成坑相似理论，利用陆军工程大学自主研制的地下爆炸效应真空室模拟试验装置，对2017年9月3日朝鲜地下核试验诱发的地表不可逆变形进行了模型试验。试验结果表明，地表塌陷带半径为257 m，下陷弹坑的半径为154 m，与美国、前苏联等国家已有的地下核试验经验公式的数据结果基本相当，并且符合天基雷达TS-InSar卫星监测数据的估算结果，验证了地下爆炸真空室模型试验在地下强爆炸诱发地表不可逆变形区域模拟和评估的可行性，成为有效补充地震波和卫星监测地下强爆炸的一种研究手段。     

A rapid UPLC‐MS/MS method for the determination of oleanolic acid in rat plasma and liver tissue: application to plasma and liver pharmacokinetics

A reliable high‐throughput ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for oleanolic acid (OA) determination in rat plasma and liver tissue using glycyrrhetic acid as the internal standard (IS). Plasma and liver homogenate samples were prepared using solid‐phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C₁₈ column using an isocratic mobile phase system. The detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring mode via positive electrospray ionization interface. The calibration curves showed good linearity (R² > 0.9997) within the tested concentration ranges. The lower limit of quantification for plasma and liver tissue was ≤0.75 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy deviations were within ±15% in plasma and liver tissue. The mean extraction recoveries ranged from 80.8 to 87.0%. In addition, the carryover, matrix effect, stability and robustness involved in the method were also validated. The method was successfully applied to the plasma and hepatic pharmacokinetics of OA after oral administration to rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Insight into the combustion mechanism of nitroglycerin/nano-aluminum composite materials

Structural Chemistry - The ReaxFF-lg is used to simulate the thermal decomposition of the pure nitroglycerin (NG) and nitroglycerin/nano-Al (NG/Al) systems. The simulation results show that the...     

Photolyses of mammalian carboxy-hemoglobin studied by photoacoustic calorimetry

The enthalpy and conformational volume changes in the photolyses of carboxy-hemoglobin (HbCO) of human, bovine, pig, horse and rabbit are investigated by photoacoustic calorimetry. Considering the time scales of the exciting laser pulse and the receiving ultrasound transducers (PVDF films and PZT ceramics), as well as the reaction lifetimes in the photolysis processes of HbCO, the measured results are related to the geminate recombination and tertiary relaxation in photolyses of HbCO. Moreover, the quantum yields of the five mammals are also measured by laser pump-probe technique. The results show that the dynamic parameters, such as enthalpy and conformational volume changes, differ between the processes of the geminate recombination and tertiary relaxation. Also, the dynamic parameters differ among the five mammals although some of them may be consistent with each other.     

Global exponential stability for quaternion-valued recurrent neural networks with time-varying delays

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, we employ a novel method for solving the problem of the global exponential stability of quaternion-valued recurrent neural networks (QVNNs) with time-varying...     

Simulation of three‐dimensional flows over moving objects by an improved immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method

An improved immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method (IB–LBM) developed recently [28] was applied in this work to simulate three‐dimensional (3D) flows over moving objects. By enforcing the non‐slip boundary condition, the method could avoid any flow penetration to the wall. In the developed IB–LBM solver, the flow field is obtained on the non‐uniform mesh by the efficient LBM that is based on the second‐order one‐dimensional interpolation. As a consequence, its coefficients could be computed simply. By simulating flows over a stationary sphere and torus [28] accurately and efficiently, the proposed IB–LBM showed its ability to handle 3D flow problems with curved boundaries. In this paper, we further applied this method to simulate 3D flows around moving boundaries. As a first example, the flow over a rotating sphere was simulated. The obtained results agreed very well with the previous data in the literature. Then, simulation of flow over a rotating torus was conducted. The capability of the improved IB–LBM for solving 3D flows over moving objects with complex geometries was demonstrated via the simulations of fish swimming and dragonfly flight. The numerical results displayed quantitative and qualitative agreement with the date in the literature. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.