燃料电池质子交换膜用新型磺化聚芳醚酮的合成和性能表征

报道了一种新型磺化聚芳醚酮材料的合成方法, 通过引入取代基对聚芳醚主链进行保护，用氯磺酸直接磺化方法在聚芳醚酮高分子侧基上引入磺酸功能基, 实现了聚合物磺化结构的可控定位合成, 得到了稳定性较好的磺化聚芳醚酮. 通过核磁共振(NMR)、 热重(TG)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等分析方法对其结构及性能进行了表征. 用溶液浇膜法制备了质子交换膜, 考察了膜的各种性能, 并与商用Nafion膜进行了比较, 其导电性、 热稳定性和吸水性远优于Nafion膜, 抗氧化性、抗水解性和机械强度也达到了较高的指标.     

ZnO荧光粉中的紫外发射和绿色发射之间的关系

通过在低氧分压和真空中热处理ZnO粉末, 获得了ZnO荧光粉. ZnO荧光粉有两个发射谱带, 分别位于380 nm(紫外)和510 nm(绿色). 紫外谱带对应于ZnO中的激子发射, 是一个单中心发光过程；绿色谱带是一个复合发光过程, 与ZnO中的本征缺陷相关, 如氧空位、锌空位等. 实验表明, 高密度的激发条件有利于紫外发射, 而低氧分压下的热处理有利于提高绿色发射谱带的强度. 研究结果还表明, 与紫外发射相联系的激子可向与本征缺陷相联系的绿色发光中心传递能量, 这种传递可能是通过激子扩散实现的.     

Method development for the determination of cadmium,copper, lead,selenium and thallium in sediments by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and isotopic dilution calibration

A procedure for the determination of Cd, Cu, Pb, Se and Tl by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) with calibration by isotopic dilution is proposed. The slurry is prepared by mixing the sample with diluted nitric and hydrofluoric acids in an ultrasonic bath and then in a water bath at 60 °C for 120 min. The slurries were let to stand at least for 12 h, manually shaken before poured into the autosampler cups and homogenized by passing through an argon flow, just before pipetting it into the furnace. The analytes were determined in two groups, according to their thermal behaviors. The furnace temperature program was optimized and the selected compromised pyrolysis temperatures were: 400 °C for Cd, Se and Tl and 700 °C for Cu and Pb. The vaporization temperature was 2300 °C. The analyses were carried out without modifier as no significant effect was observed for different tested modifiers. Different sample particle sizes did not affect the sensitivity significantly, then a particle size ≤50 μm was adopted. The accuracy was checked by analyzing five certified reference sediments, with analytes concentrations from sub-μg g⁻¹ to a few hundreds μg g⁻¹. The great majority of the obtained concentrations were in agreement with the certified values. The detection limits, determined for the MESS-2 certified sediment, were, in μg g⁻¹: 0.01 for Cd; 0.8 for Cu; 0.4 for Pb; 0.4 for Se and 0.06 for Tl. The precision was adequate with relative standard deviations lower than 12%. Isotopic dilution showed to be an efficient calibration technique for slurry, as the extraction of the analyte to the liquid phase of the slurry and the reactions in the vaporizer must help the equilibration between the added isotope and the isotope in the sample.     

Eco-friendly synthesis of high silica zeolite Y with choline as green and innocent structure-directing agent

Zeolite synthesis in contemporary chemical industries is predominantly conducted using organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs), which are chronically hazardous to humans and the environment. It is a growing trend to develop an eco-friendly and nuisanceless OSDA for zeolite synthesis. Herein, choline is employed as a non-toxic and green OSDA to synthesize high silica Y zeolite with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of 6.5–6.8. The prepared Y zeolite samples exhibited outstanding (hydro)thermal stability at ultrahigh temperature owing to the higher SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio. The XRF, SEM, ²⁹Si-NMR and ¹³Na+ results suggested that choline plays a structure-directing role in the synthesis of Y zeolite, while the feed molar fraction of Na⁺ is a crucial determinant for the framework SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio and the crystal morphology.     

蛋白质组学在人乳蛋白质研究中的应用

人乳是新生儿最理想的天然食物，蛋白质是人乳中最主要的营养成分之一。随着蛋白质组学技术的发展，利用蛋白质组学的方法研究人乳蛋白质也取得了一些研究成果。本文综述了近年来蛋白质组学技术在人乳蛋白质研究中的应用，分别从人乳蛋白质的组成研究、动态变化、人乳与其他来源乳汁的蛋白质差异比较、人乳磷酸化蛋白和糖基化蛋白研究、人乳内源肽的研究及人乳蛋白与疾病等几个方面进行了阐述。蛋白质组学技术使人乳蛋白质的研究进入了微量营养研究的时代，人乳蛋白质组学的研究成果将为母婴健康提供更好的保障。     

HPLC of amino acids and oligopeptides by pre-column fluorescence derivatization with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-α-(9-phenanthrene)-acetate

Summary A sensitive LC method for the detection of amino acids and oligopeptides with pre-column fluorescence derivatization has been developed. Glycine, glycylglycine, triglycine, glutathione, glutamic acid, and cysteine were separated on a reversed-phase C₁₈ column with methanol-water-triethylamine eluent, derivatization and chromatographic conditions were optimized. The six derivatives were eluted in 20 min with good reproducibility. The relative standard derviations (n=6) at an analytical concentration of 2×10⁻⁶ M are <5%. Detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio=3) for the six derivatives are 23–68 fmol.     

含VE微胶囊的制备及其控制释放性能研究

以天然维生素E（VE）为芯材，利用Shirasu porous glass (SPG) 膜乳化结合液中干燥法，制备了粒径单分散的聚苯乙烯（PS）微胶囊.微胶囊的粒径为膜孔径的4倍，粒径单分散系数CV小于0.2.考察了改变PS和VE的比例及微胶囊的粒径对控制释放性能的影响.     

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of two Novel Copper(I) Complexes with Oxygen Donor

Two novel copper(I) complexes with Cu‐O bonds, [Cu₂L₂(PPh₃)₂](BF₄)₂ ( 1 ) and [Cu(L)(dppeo)](BF₄) ( 2 ) ( L = 6‐(4‐diethylmethylphosphonatephenyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine, dppeo = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane monoxide), have been prepared and their structures characterized. In the binuclear complex 1 , the ligand L serves as tridentate donor with the N, N′ and O as coordination atoms, and the two Cu^I atoms are bridged through both P = O donor atoms in different ligand L with a triphenylphosphine molecule as auxiliary ligand. While in mononuclear complex 2 , both ligands L and dppeo behave as bidentate with N^∧N from L and P^∧O from dppeo chelating to Cu^I atom.     

l-Proline amide-catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction of aldehydes with chloroacetone

l-Proline amides were evaluated for catalyzing the direct aldol reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde with chloroacetone. The presence of 30 mol% (S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-amide catalyzed the direct aldol reactions of a range of aldehydes with chloroacetone to give anti-α-chloro-β-hydroxyketones with high regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity.     

离子速度成像方法研究二溴甲烷的紫外光解动力学

利用二维离子速度成像(Ion-Velocity Imaging)方法对二溴甲烷分子在234和267 nm附近的光解动力学行为进行了研究. 实验中得到了二溴甲烷光解产生的Br^*(²P_1/2)和Br(²P_3/2)在不同波长下的角度和平动能分布. 在平动能分布中发现两个高斯分布, 推测其中主要是C—Br的快速解离, 而高能宽分布则来自于CH₂Br自由基的二次解离过程. 通过角度分布得到了Br^*与Br中来自直接解离和非绝热交叉跃迁两种来源的比例. 结果表明Br^*原子主要来自于B₁态的直接解离, 而Br则绝大部分是从B₁态向A₁的非绝热交叉跃迁得到, 并导致了两种解离通道能量分布的差别.