Research Progress on Fumonisin B1 Contamination and Toxicity: A Review

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), belonging to the member of fumonisins, is one of the most toxic mycotoxins produced mainly by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioide. FB1 has caused extensive contamination worldwide, mainly in corn, rice, wheat, and their products, while it also poses a health risk and is toxic to animals and human. It has been shown to cause oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular autophagy, and apoptosis. This review focuses on the current stage of FB1 contamination, its toxic effects of acute toxicity, immunotoxicity, organ toxicity, and reproductive toxicity on animals and humans. The potential toxic mechanisms of FB1 are discussed. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for understanding the occurrence and toxicity of FB1.     

1-丁腈-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲基磺酸亚胺的性质

制备了功能化离子液体1-丁腈-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲基磺酸亚胺。在T为283.15-353.15 K温度范围内,测定了该功能化离子液体的密度、动力粘度、电导率及折光率。讨论了亚甲基的增减对该类功能化离子液体的密度、动力粘度、电导率及折光率等性质的影响,并与传统咪唑类、吡啶类离子液体物理化学性质的变化趋势进行了对比。通过经验方程计算了该功能化离子液体的热膨胀系数、分子体积、标准摩尔熵及晶格能等热力学性质参数。讨论了Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT)方程和Arrhenius方程的适用性,得出VFT方程适用于该功能化离子液体,而Arrhenius方程并不适用。有关研究对新型离子液体的合成及其工业化的应用具有十分重要的意义。     

Effect of micro-particles on cavitation erosion of Ti6Al4V alloy in sulfuric acid solution

The influences of micro-particles on ultrasonic cavitation erosion of Ti6Al4V alloy in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ solution were investigated using mass loss weight, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light interferometer. Mass loss results revealed that the cavitation erosion damage obviously decreased with increasing particle size and mass concentration. Open circuit potential recorded during cavitation erosion shifted to positive direction with the decreased mass loss. Meanwhile, the mass loss sharply decreased with applying a positive potential during the entire ultrasonic cavitation erosion, and the relationship between the open circuit potential and the cavitation erosion resistance was discussed.     

四种深共融溶剂的性质:密度、电导率、动力粘度及折光率

制备了四种四丁基氯化铵类深共融溶剂,包括四丁基氯化铵:丙酸[TBAC:2PA]、四丁基氯化铵:乙二醇[TBAC:2EG]、四丁基氯化铵:聚乙二醇[TBAC:2PEG]、四丁基氯化铵:苯乙酸[TBAC:2PAA].在288.15-338.15 K温度范围内,测定了它们的密度、电导率、动力粘度及折光率.讨论了温度对密度、电导率、动力粘度及折光率等性质的影响.通过经验方程估算了深共融溶剂的热膨胀系数、分子体积、标准摩尔熵及晶格能等热力学性质参数.利用Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT)方程和Arrhenius方程,将测量的电导率和动力粘度对温度拟合,得到了动力粘度和电导率随温度变化方程式.有关研究对深共融溶剂的工业化应用具有重要意义.     

Near-infrared excitation of Raman scattering by chromophoric proteins

Fourier-transformed Raman spectra of bacteriorhodopsin, the photosynthetic reaction center, and myoglobin in aqueous solution excited at 1064 nm are presented. These proteins are representative of three important classes of chromophoric proteins. The observed vibrational modes are assigned and discussed based on the known resonance Raman spectra of these proteins. In each case, chromophore vibrations dominate the Raman scattering, with little or no contribution from other protein vibrations. However, the limitations encountered in resonance Raman studies of chromophoric proteins due to sample fluorescence or sample photolability are circumvented. The relative intensities in the bacteriorhodopsin Raman spectrum excited at 1064 nm are nearly identical to the relative intensities previously observed by resonance excitation. The Raman spectrum of the reaction center of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides excited at 1064 nm contains contributions from both bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriopheophytin pigments, with possible preresonance enhancement of bacteriochlorophyll modes. The 1064-nm-excited Raman spectrum of myoglobin displays several marker bands that have been characterized previously in resonance Raman investigations with excitation in both the Soret and Q-band regions.     

同位素质谱法对土壤反硝化酶活性的测定研究

在评价硝化抑制剂的作用效果时, 需要确认此硝化抑制剂对反硝化过程有无影响。而对此过程的确认是通过反硝化酶活性(denitrifying enzyme activity, 简写为DEA)的测定来实现的。采用加入同位素标记底物结合同位素质谱仪来测定新型硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐作用下的反硝化酶活性。结果表明, 此新型方法能够较准确的测定培养体系中的N₂O的浓度,与气相色谱法的测定结果具有良好的相关性(MS_N2O=-0.45+1.03GC_N2O,R2=0.995)。通过测定15N₂O和15N₂的丰度能够较好的区分2种反硝化酶活性(硝酸还原酶和N₂O还原酶), 且克服了传统测定中需要加入乙炔作为酶抑制剂的弊端。对DMPP作用下土壤反硝化酶的测定表明,DMPP对反硝化酶无显著影响, 说明DMPP在使用中不会影响土壤中的反硝化过程。     

Analyse conformationnelle en serie tetrahydrofurannique. role de l'effet anomere d'un brome ou d'un methoxy dans des molecules encombrees,a l'etat solide et en solution.

Proton NMR spectra of addition products of bromine to 3-methyl, 2,2-diphenyl 2,3-dihydrofuran 6 show that one of them, at least, has an equatorial anomeric bromine. With the corresponding bromo-methoxylated derivatives, this anomaly is emphasized. In the crystalline structure of the four isomers, we observe that the anomeric MeO group is equatorial in one case and clearly axial in only two of the other cases.The derivatives of the 2,2-diphenyl 2,3-dihydrofuran have also been prepared. In all the cases, the dibromide derivatives appear to be in a more homogeneous conformation in solution than the bromo-methoxylated analogs. The anomeric effect appears more effective with a bromine than with a methoxy-group.     

A New polyamine synthesis.

A new flexible method for the step by step construction of polyamines based on the reaction of dichloroboranes with azides is reported.