Photoradical ageing of polymers

The general laws of photoradical ageing of various carbon-chain and heterogeneous-chain polymers caused by reactions of electronically excited radicals have been considered. Information is given on mechanisms, efficiency, and kinetic features of these processes; also the occurrence of photoradical chain processes. It is shown that reactions of electronically excited macroradicals can be made use of in directed changes in the structure and properties of polymers.     

Rapid Inactivation of E. coli by Water Droplet-Tuned Surface Micro-Discharges

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - In this study, rapid inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) by surface micro-discharge (SMD) plasma is studied by comparing the inactivation effects in...     

Several single-machine scheduling problems with general learning effects

In this paper we consider several single-machine scheduling problems with general learning effects. By general learning effects, we mean that the processing time of a job depends not only on its scheduled position, but also on the total normal processing time of the jobs already processed. We show that the scheduling problems of minimization of the makespan, the total completion time and the sum of the θ  th (θ?0$\theta ?0$) power of job completion times can be solved in polynomial time under the proposed models. We also prove that some special cases of the total weighted completion time minimization problem and the maximum lateness minimization problem can be solved in polynomial time.     

剪切和扭转工况下微纳米薄壁蜂窝的等效剪切模量计算

分别针对剪切和扭转两种工况给出了微纳米薄壁蜂窝等效剪切模量的解析计算方法.该方法综合考虑了由面板对芯层的约束导致的高度效应和当蜂窝胞壁厚度进入微纳米量级时引起的尺度效应.首先对蜂窝各胞壁选取了可反映面板约束以及受力状态的三角级数位移场,然后在本构关系中引入修正偶应力理论以描述尺度效应,最后应用能量均匀化方法求得蜂窝的等效剪切模量.以典型六边形蜂窝为例,给出了完整的计算过程和结果.与文献中的等效剪切模量结果进行对比,讨论了不同工况下等效剪切模量随芯层高度和胞壁厚度的变化趋势,以及高度效应和尺度效应之间的相互影响.     

A 3D pyramid spline element

In this paper,a 13-node pyramid spline element is derived by using the tetrahedron volume coordinates and the B-net method,which achieves the second order completeness in Cartesian coordinates.Some appropriate examples were employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed element.The numerical results show that the spline element has much better performance compared with the isoparametric serendipity element Q20 and its degenerate pyramid element P13 especially when mesh is distorted,and it is comparable to the Lagrange element Q27.It has been demonstrated that the spline finite element method is an efficient tool for developing high accuracy elements.     

纳米晶Y_2O_3∶Eu~(3+)的合成及其热分析动力学

以Y(NO3)3、Eu2O3、CO(NH2)2为原料,使用超声波作用下的均匀沉淀法合成了纳米晶荧光粉Y2O3∶Eu3+。利用不同升温速率的热重及差热分析研究了纳米晶Y2O3∶Eu3+的合成动力学及晶粒生长动力学。研究表明,纳米晶Y2O3∶Eu3+的前驱体分解过程可分为3个步骤,利用Doyle-Ozawa法和Kissinger法分别计算了各个反应阶段的表观活化能,用Kissinger法确定每个反应阶段的反应级数和频率因子,并给出了各个阶段的动力学方程。根据晶粒生长动力学理论计算纳米荧光粉Y2O3∶Eu3+晶粒生长活化能为17.80kJ·mol-1,表明热处理过程中纳米晶粒的长大为扩散生长机制。     

Plasma treatment of carbon fibers: Non-equilibrium dynamic adsorption and its effect on the mechanical properties of RTM fabricated composites

The effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the non-equilibrium dynamic adsorption of the carbon fabric reinforcements in RTM process was studied. 5-Dimethylamino-1-naphthalene-sulfonylchloride (DNS-Cl) was attached to the curing agent to study the change of curing agent content in the epoxy resin matrix. Steady state fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) analysis was used to study this changes in the epoxy resin at the inlet and outlet of the RTM mould, and XPS was used to study the chemical changes on the carbon fiber surfaces introduced by plasma treatment. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural strength were also measured to study the effects of this non-equilibrium dynamic adsorption progress on the mechanical properties of the end products. FS analysis shows that the curing agent adsorbed onto the fiber surface preferentially for untreated carbon fiber, the curing agent content in the resin matrix maintain unchanged after plasma treatment for 3 min and 5 min, but after oxygen plasma treatment for 7 min, the epoxy resin adsorbed onto the fiber surface preferentially. XPS analysis indicated that the oxygen plasma treatment successfully increased some polar functional groups concentration on the carbon fiber surfaces, this changes on the carbon fiber surfaces can change the adsorption ability of carbon fiber to the resin and curing agent. The mechanical properties of the composites were correlated to this results.     

Surface wettability of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge processed Armos fibers

Wettability of Armos fibers has been investigated after exposed to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, which was performed at atmospheric pressure in air while varying the sample treatment time between 9 and 27 s. Contact angles and surface free energy of the original and plasma-treated fibers were measured with dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA) to reveal the correlation between the fiber wettability and the surface treatment, including surface composition and topography modifications, which were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. It was found by XPS analysis that the O/C atomic ratio on Armos fiber surface can be increased from 0.134 to 0.248 after the 18 s exposure to the plasma and many polar functional groups were proved to be incorporated into the surface, which aided good wetting. In addition, AFM observations revealed the changes of fiber surface microstructure, showing significant enhancement of the surface roughness after the treatment, which could also bring the fiber better wettability. What's more, the impacts of fiber surface treatment on its tensile properties were characterized by single fiber tensile strength (SFTS) testing. Results showed that Armos fibers exhibited only slight reductions in their tensile strengths with the great enhancement in fiber surface free energy.     

Effects of argon plasma treatment on the interfacial adhesion of PBO fiber/bismaleimide composite and aging behaviors

This paper is concerned with the influence of argon plasma on the interfacial adhesion of PBO fiber/bismaleimide composites and aging behaviors. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was greatly increased to 62.3 MPa with an increase of 39.7% after treatment for 7 min at 80 Pa, 200 W. A small amount of O and N atoms was incorporated onto the fiber surface, but the plasma caused C-O bonds to break and generated OC-N groups. The fiber surface roughness increased, contributing much to the wettability. However, long-time treatment excessively destroyed the inherent and newly created structures. The SEM images suggested that the fracture shifted from the interface to the matrix. The modification effects degraded with storage time in the air and the ILSS decreased to approximately 54.0 MPa after 10-30 days. The composite had low water absorption of 2.0 wt% and a high retention of 90% in the ILSS at moisture conditions.     

基于最大隶属原则的核磁共振波谱模糊识别

介绍了基于最大隶属原则的核磁共振(NMR)波谱模糊识别原理与方法. 提出了关于核磁共振波谱模糊集合的概念,并给出了相应的隶属函数. 通过建立标准谱数据库和相应的模糊识别算法,实现了核磁共振波谱的快速自动定性分析. 对苯酚、邻苯二酚、间苯二酚及对苯二酚4种化合物及其11种混合物样品的¹H NMR谱进行了定性分析. 结果表明,在粗略找峰和隶属度阈值在0.45~0.85之间较大范围内取值的情况下,方法均给出了准确的识别结果.