Generalized evaluation in decision analysis

The paper presents a discussion on evaluation methods in decision analysis. The presentation begins with the discussion of the expected value rule for selection amongst a number of available courses of action. Then a number of other evaluation rules to either replace or supplement the expected value are presented. They are discussed from a choice rather than preference view. To improve the expected value rule (or any other similar rule), it is suggested that it should be supplemented with other, qualitative rules rather than engaging in further modifications in pursuit of the perfect rule. A characteristic of qualitative rules is that they do not rely on multiplying probabilities and values but treat them as separate numeric entities. Once a rule has been agreed upon, it can be applied to all the alternatives, provided there is a computational procedure for evaluating the alternatives under that rule. Delta dominance is introduced as a unifying concept for many of the dominance rules in current use. Dominance and threshold methods are discussed and the kinship between them is pointed out.     

Improvement of foaming ability of egg white product by irradiation and its application

To investigate the enhancement of foaming abilities of liquid egg white (LEW) and egg white powder (EWP) by irradiation and its application for bakery product, LEW and EWP were irradiated at 0, 1, 2, and 5 kGy by Co-60 gamma ray. There was no pH change found among treatments in both LEW and EWP. The viscosity of LEW decreased significantly by irradiation (P<0.05), whereas that of EWP was not affected by irradiation. The foaming ability of LEW and EWP was significantly increased by irradiation as a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The volume and the height of angel cake baked with irradiated LEW were significantly higher than those of unirradiated control (P<0.05). For EWP, the volume and the height of angel cake were greater at 2 kGy only than those of control. A significant decrease in hardness, chewiness, and gumminess values and an increase in Hunter L* value were observed in the angel cakes prepared from irradiated egg white products (P<0.05). Results indicated that irradiation of egg white could offer advantages in increasing foaming ability and improving quality of final bakery products.     

Blue-excited luminescence of Eu-doped strontium boroaluminate glasses

We report on a blue-excited luminescence phenomenon in Eu²⁺-doped strontium boroaluminate glasses in this paper. The emission wavelengths strongly depend on the B₂O₃ content in the glasses, changing hue from green to yellow. The excitation spectra exhibit a peculiar blue excitation window that the excitation at UV band is strongly depressed and at blue band is enhanced correspondingly. The low emission quantum efficiency in the glasses can be significantly improved by forming a strontium boroaluminate glass-ceramics, accompanying with the window disappearance.     

Estimation of resistance of rotating electrochemical cell associated with gas evolution on the electrode

The effect of centrifugal force on the resistance of rotating electrochemical cell with two vertical cylindrical electrodes with different radii (the outer electrode and the inner one) is analyzed. The resistance, which is caused by the gas bubbles formed on the outer electrode, is considered. One part of resistance is associated with the void fraction of interelectrode space, which is due to the bubbles moving in the radial direction from the outer electrode to the inner one under the action of centrifugal force. Another part of resistance is associated with screening of gas-evolving electrode surface with the bubbles, which have not been detached from the electrode. The variation in the sizes and velocity of bubbles moving in the interelectrode space due to the variation in the pressure in the radial direction as a result of the variation in the centrifugal acceleration is taken into account. The dependence of void fraction of interelectrode space on the radial coordinate, the distribution of resistance along the radial direction as a function of cell rotational rate and bubble radius at the instant of its detachment from the electrode, and the dependence of resistance, which is associated with electrode surface screening, on the radius of detached bubble are derived.     

Heteroepitaxial growth of thin InAs layers on GaAs(1 0 0) misoriented substrates: A structural and morphological comparison

Thin InAs epilayers were grown on GaAs(1 0 0) substrates exactly oriented and misoriented toward [1 1 1]A direction by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. InAs growth was monitored by in situ spectral reflectivity. Structural quality of InAs layers were studied by using high-resolution X-ray diffraction. No crystallographic tilting of the layers with respect to any kind of these substrates was found for all thicknesses. This result is discussed in terms of In-rich growth environment. InAs layers grown on 2° misoriented substrate provide an improved crystalline quality. Surface roughness of InAs layers depend on layer thickness and substrate misorientation.     

广义Jacobi矩阵的逆特征问题

本文主要讨论广义Jacobi阵及多个特征对的广义Jacobi阵逆特征问题.通过相似变换将广义Jacobi阵变换为三对角对称矩阵,其特征不变、特征向量只作线性变换,再应用前人理论求得广义Jacobi阵元素ai,|bi|,|ci|有唯一解的充要条件及其具体表达式.     

Bandgap widening in highly conducting CdO thin film by Ti incorporation through radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique

Transparent and highly conducting thin films of cadmium oxide (CdO) with titanium doping were synthesized by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The thin films were deposited on glass and silicon substrates with different percentages of titanium at a fixed substrate temperature 473 K and a fixed pressure of 0.1 mbar in Ar atmosphere. The deposited films were characterized by studying their crystallographic structure, optical and electrical properties. X-ray diffractometer, atomic force microscope, UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometer were used for different characterizations. All the films have a rock-salt structure. A systematic increase in the optical bandgap was found for the CdO thin films with Ti doping, so that it can be considered as a candidate material for different optoelectronic device applications. Electrical conductivity was also found to increase with Ti doping concentration.     

Adsorption of 4-aminopyridine on Co and Ag electrodes probed by SERS

The adsorption of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on Co and Ag electrodes in acid or alkaline solutions of KCl and KI electrolyte salts were monitored by the Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) technique. The SERS intensity for the Ag electrode was in 2 orders of magnitude higher than for the Co electrode, due to the enhancement of the Raman cross-section on Ag by the surface-plasmon excitation. In acidic chloride medium (pH 4), the SERS results for Ag electrodes indicate that the protonated form of 4-AP (4-APH⁺) adsorbs in the potential range of −0.1 to −0.6 V (Ag|AgCl|KCl sat) through hydrogen-bonding between 4-APH⁺ and Cl⁻ adsorbed on the electrode surface; at more negative potentials the neutral form 4-AP is the predominant adsorbed species. For Co electrode in the same medium, only bands due to neutral 4-AP were observed in the spectra at −0.8 and −0.9 V. For more negative potentials bands assigned to both 4-AP and 4-AP surface complex are observed, with the lasts being enhanced, as the potentials are turned more negative. In alkaline chloride medium (pH 13), for less negative potentials the bands assigned to free 4-AP were observed in the spectra of both Ag and Co surfaces. For more negative potentials, only bands assigned to the 4-AP surface complex were observed. For 0.1 mol L⁻¹ KI acidic or alkaline solutions, bands assigned to 4-AP and 4-APH⁺ were observed in a wider potential range than in chloride solutions. An adsorption scheme of 4-AP on Ag and Co is proposed for acidic and alkaline solutions.     

Two comparison theorems of bsdes

In this paper, by the equations of Mao [9] and Peng [5], we use the martingale method to establish the comparison theorems of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). We generalize the results of Cao-Yan [1].