The Novel Preparation of Hydrocinnamonitriles via the Reduction of α-Phenylsulfonyl Cinnamonitriles with SmI2/CH2OH/THF System

Hydrocinnamonitriles were readily obtained via the reduction of α-phenylsulfonyl cinnamonitriles by SmI₂/CH₃OH/THF system.     

Synthesis,structure and property of diorganotin N‐[(3‐methoxy‐2‐oxyphenyl)methylene]tyrosinates

Five new diorganotin N‐[(3‐methoxy‐2‐oxyphenyl)methylene] tyrosinates, R₂Sn[2‐O‐3‐MeOC₆H₃CH=NCH (CH₂C₆H₄OH‐4)COO] (R = Me, 1 ; Et, 2 ; Bu, 3 ; Cy, 4 ; Ph, 5 ), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR (¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn) spectra, and the X‐ray single crystal diffraction. In non‐coordinated solvent, complexes 1 – 5 have penta‐coordinated tin atom. In the solid state, 1 – 3 are centrosymmetric dimmers in which each tin atom is seven‐coordinated in a distorted pentagonal bipyramid, and 4 displays discrete molecular structure with distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, and the tin atom of 5 is hexa‐coordinated and possess the distorted octahedral geometry with a coordinational methanol molecule. The intermolecular O‐H???O hydrogen bonds in 1 – 4 link molecules into the different one‐dimensional supramolecular chain with R₂² (30) or R₂² (20) macrocycles, and the molecules of 5 are joined into a two‐dimensional supramolecular network containing R₄⁴ (24) and R₄⁴ (28) two macrocycles. Bioassay results against human tumour cell HeLa indicated that 3 ‐ 5 belonged to the efficient cytostatic agents and the activity decreased in the order 4 > 3 > 5 > 2 > 1. The fluorescence determinations show the complexes may be explored for potential luminescent materials.     

Analytical solution for an anomalous hollow beam in a fractional Fourier transforming optical system with a hard aperture

Based on the fact that a hard aperture function can be expanded into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, the approximate analytical expressions for the output field distribution of an anomalous hollow beam (AHB) passing through an apertured fractional Fourier transform (FRT) system are derived. By using the approximate analytical formulae and diffraction integral formulae, the propagation properties of an AHB in circular and rectangular apertured FRT system are studied numerically. The results show that this method provides a convenient tool for studying the propagation properties of an AHB passing through apertured FRT system, and the apertured FRT system can be applied to laser beam shaping conveniently.     

Synthesis of multi‐functionalized carbonyl compounds by palladium–catalysed γ‐substitution of MBH adducts with activated amides

Catalytic allylic γ‐substitution with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) adducts for creating a new family of unsymmetrical dicarbonyl compounds was presented in this work, in which a variety of allylated amide products were achieved in good yields and high regioselectivity with excellent linear‐to‐branched ratios. Especially, it was found that the Pd/HZNU‐Phos complex exhibited remarkably high activity (with a TON up to 16800) in this transformation between dicarbonyl amides and MBH adducts. In addition, the possibly multisite interaction between multifunctional Pd/HZNU‐Phos catalyst system and substrates might responsible for its exceptionally high efficiency in this reaction.     

Hybrid projection algorithms for treating common fixed points of a family of demicontinuous pseudocontractions

In this work, a projection algorithm is considered for treating strongly continuous semigroups of demicontinuous pseudocontractions. Theorems of strong convergence of fixed points are established in the framework of real Hilbert spaces.     

The secondary X-ray fluorescence and absorption near the interface of multi-material: Case of EDS microanalysis

A simple model is proposed to take into account secondary X-ray fluorescence and absorption effects near the interface. This model is based on the investigation of the shape change of the first derivative equation that can fit the sigmoidal EDS profile obtained when a high vacuum electron beam passes through the interface of two adjacent materials. The contribution of the photoelectric absorption of primary X-rays (characteristic and Bremsstrahlung) and the secondary fluorescence on the degradation of the X-ray spatial resolution can be easily quantified. The close agreement between the simulated (Monte Carlo simulation using the Casino software) and the experimental data serves to assess the reliability of this developed model.     

Nonparametric estimation of quantiles for a class of stationary processes

We study smoothed quantile estimator for a class of stationary processes. We obtain the convergency rates and the Bahadur representation, as well as the asymptotic normality for this estimator by the method of m-dependent approximation. Our results can be used in the study of the estimation of value-at-risk(Va R) and applied to many time series which have important applications in econometrics.     

低钾血症对颅脑创伤患者预后的影响

目的 探讨低钾血症在颅脑创伤患者中的发病情况及其与预后的关系。方法 2010 年6月至2013 年6 月共有168 例住院期间出现低钾血症且年龄≥18 岁的颅脑创伤患者纳入研究。依据低钾血症严重程度的不同,将患者分成轻度组（3.00mmol/L≤血钾＜3.50mmol/L）、中度组（2.50mmol/L≤血钾＜3.00mmol/L）和重度组（血钾＜2.50mmol/L）,各组均采用患者血钾的最低值进行数据分析。高钠血症和低磷血症分别被定义为血钠＞147.00mmol/L 和血磷＜0.80mmol/L。结果 受试患者的血钾在1.10~3.40mmol/L,平均2.90mmol/L。当血钾出现最低值时,与其余两组比较,重度组患者具有更高的血钠和更低的血磷水平（均P＜0.01）。与轻度组（10.5%）或中度组（25.7%）相比,重度组患者的病死率（82.1%）显著上升（均P＜0.01）。多变量逻辑回归分析结果显示,低格拉斯哥昏迷评分（OR=1.28,95%CI=1.12~1.42,P＜0.01）、低血钾（OR=5.57,95%CI=2.76~10.93,P＜0.01）、低血磷（OR=2.76,95%CI=1.11~7.25,P＜0.01）以及高血尿素氮（OR=1.16,95%CI=1.07~1.24,P＜0.01）是导致患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论 颅脑创伤患者是出现低钾血症的高危人群,重度低钾血症的患者更容易合并高钠血症和低磷血症。重度低钾血症和低磷血症是颅脑创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素。