Spectroscopic properties of the low-lying electronic states and laser cooling feasibility for the SrI molecule

Laser cooling of a molecule with heavy nuclei is often complicated because of the density distribution of the electronic states. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of the laser cooling of the SrI molecule by calculating the potential energy curves and transition dipole moments of the ground and low-lying excited states using the multi-reference configuration interaction plus Davidson corrections (MRCI + Q) and the all-electron basis sets of ANO-RCC. The relativistic effect and the spin-orbit coupling splits are included, because both Sr and I are heavy atoms. Based on the obtained potential energy curves, we solve the Schrödinger equation of nuclear motion to determine the rovibrational energy levels and the Franck-Condon factors. The spectroscopic parameters are obtained by fitting the rovibrational energy levels with the Dunham expression. The radiation lifetimes, the Doppler and recoil temperatures between the X²Σ⁺ and the ²Π_1/2/²Π_3/2/B²Σ⁺ states are calculated. 5-color laser cooling schemes for the molecule are proposed, which can lead to the total effective Franck-Condon factors being 0.99983, 0.99979, and 0.99941 for the three transitions, respectively. All the obtained results suggest that the SrI molecule is a feasible candidate for laser cooling.     

Preferences,income, and life satisfaction: An equivalence result

In this paper I investigate the nexus between life time utility (life satisfaction) and income predicted by the standard model of endogenous economic growth under different behavioral assumptions. The solution rationalizes why the empirical association between income and life satisfaction is approximately log-linear. I show that the solution is observationally equivalent when individuals compare their consumption (i) with others, (ii) with their own past consumption achievements, and (iii) not at all (ordinary preferences). This finding suggests that the observed slope of the income–life satisfaction curve is uninformative about the presence and strength of habits or reference-dependent utility.     

Seeded growth of AlN on N- and Al-polar 〈0001〉 AlN seeds by physical vapor transport

We demonstrated seeded growth of AlN on large-area Al- and N-polar <0 0 0 1>-oriented AlN seeds using the physical vapor transport method (PVT). In both cases, crystals having a diameter of 15 mm were obtained from 5 mm seeds. Based on growth step and terrace width analyses, it was found that the N-polar face was suitable for growth within a large window of growth parameters while the Al-polar seeds yielded high-quality crystals only at low supersaturation.     

Study of HfSiO film prepared by electron beam evaporation for high-k gate dielectric applications

The purpose of this paper is to report some experimental results with HfSiO films formed on silicon substrates by electron beam evaporation (EB-PVD) and annealed at different temperatures. The images of atomic force microscope (AFM) indicated that HfSiO film annealed at 900 °C was still amorphous, with a surface roughness of 0.173 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the film was (HfO₂)₃(SiO₂) and Hf-Si-O bonds existed in the annealed film. Electrical measurements showed that the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) was 4 nm, the dielectric constant was around 6, the breakdown voltage was 10 MV/cm, the fixed charge density was −1.2 × 10¹² cm⁻², and the leakage current was 0.4 μA/cm² at the gate bias of 2 V for 6 nm HfSiO film. The annealing after deposition effectively reduced trapping density and the leakage current, and eliminated hysteresis in the C-V curves. Annealing also induced SiO₂ growth at the interface.     

Density viscous continuum traffic flow model

A new traffic flow model called density viscous continuum model is developed to describe traffic more reasonably. The two delay time scales are taken into consideration, differing from the model proposed by Xue and Dai [Phys. Rev. E 68 (2003) 066123]. Moreover the relative density is added to the motion equation from which the viscous term can be derived, so we obtain the macroscopic continuum model from microscopic car following model successfully. The condition for stable traffic flow is derived. Nonlinear analysis shows that the density fluctuation in traffic flow induces density waves. Near the onset of instability, a small disturbance could lead to solitons determined by the Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) equation, and the soliton solution is derived. The results show that local cluster effects can be obtained from the new model and are consistent with the diverse nonlinear dynamical phenomena observed in the freeway traffic.     

Jump diffusion coefficient of different cations intercalated into amorphous WO3

This work shows how the combination of quasi-equilibrium (chronopotentiometry) and kinetical measurements (electrochemical impedance) is able to extract ionic mobility values like the jump diffusion coefficient D_J. Results are presented on the jump diffusion coefficient variation with composition of several cations (Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺) intercalated into electron beam evaporation-prepared a-WO₃ thin films. D_J exhibits higher values for the smallest ion (Li⁺), and decreases as the ion size enlarges. In all cases D_J shows lower values for high intercalation levels. It is noted that the type of cation rather influences transport mechanisms than equilibrium properties (insertion thermodynamics). The energy barrier of ion hopping is analyzed in light of available microscopic diffusion models and theoretical simulations.     

Objective Bayesian analysis of the Frechet stress–strength model

Several reference priors and a general form of matching priors are derived for a stress–strength system, and it is concluded that none of the reference priors is a matching prior. The study shows that the matching prior performs better than Jeffreys prior and reference priors in meeting the target coverage probabilities.     

Multi-objective optimal design of feedback controls for dynamical systems with hybrid simple cell mapping algorithm

This paper presents a study of multi-objective optimal design of full state feedback controls. The goal of the design is to minimize several conflicting performance objective functions at the same time. The simple cell mapping method with a hybrid algorithm is used to find the multi-objective optimal design solutions. The multi-objective optimal design comes in a set of gains representing various compromises of the control system. Examples of regulation and tracking controls are presented to validate the control design.     

A novel chaotic image encryption scheme using DNA sequence operations

In this paper, we propose a novel image encryption scheme based on DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence operations and chaotic system. Firstly, we perform bitwise exclusive OR operation on the pixels of the plain image using the pseudorandom sequences produced by the spatiotemporal chaos system, i.e., CML (coupled map lattice). Secondly, a DNA matrix is obtained by encoding the confused image using a kind of DNA encoding rule. Then we generate the new initial conditions of the CML according to this DNA matrix and the previous initial conditions, which can make the encryption result closely depend on every pixel of the plain image. Thirdly, the rows and columns of the DNA matrix are permuted. Then, the permuted DNA matrix is confused once again. At last, after decoding the confused DNA matrix using a kind of DNA decoding rule, we obtain the ciphered image. Experimental results and theoretical analysis show that the scheme is able to resist various attacks, so it has extraordinarily high security.