基于缺陷光子晶体结构的GaN基发光二极管光提取效率的有关研究

现有的研究表明,利用光子晶体可以有效提高发光二极管的光提取效率.由于在制造时光子晶体中可能会存在缺陷和错位,本文基于时域有限差分法对光子晶体中的缺陷和错位对发光二极管发光效率的影响进行了研究.数值仿真结果表明,光子晶体中少量缺陷或者微小错位并不会降低发光二极管的光提取效率,其中某些缺陷反而能增强光子晶体发光二极管的光提取效率.本文对其物理机理给出了详细的理论分析,并设计了一种具有缺陷的光于晶体,在未刻蚀到有源层(离有源层20 nm)的情况下,其光提取效率达到了完美光子晶体的1.6倍.通过对这种缺陷光子晶体的空间频谱分析可知,可以通过设计具有特殊空间频谱分布的光子晶体来提高发光二极管的发光效率,这对设计高光提取效率的光子晶体结构和制造高效率的发光二极管有指导意义.     

Analytical solutions to time-fractional partial differential equations in a two-dimensional multilayer annulus

In this paper, analytical solutions to time-fractional partial differential equations in a multi-layer annulus are presented. The final solutions are obtained in terms of Mittag-Leffler function by using the finite integral transform technique and Laplace transform technique. In addition, the classical diffusion equation (α=1$\alpha =1$), the Helmholtz equation (α→0$\alpha \to 0$) and the wave equation (α=2$\alpha =2$) are discussed as special cases. Finally, an illustrative example problem for the three-layer semi-circular annular region is solved and numerical results are presented graphically for various kind of order of fractional derivative.     

开放的V型三能级系统中原子注入和退出速率对位相相关的无反转激光增益和强度空间演化的调制作用

利用数值计算结果, 研究了具有自发辐射诱导相干的开放V 型三能级原子系统中的传播效应. 研究表明: 改变探测场和驱动场之间的相对位相对无反转激光(LWI)增益和 强度随传播距离的变化即空间演化具有重要的影响; 而原子的注入速率比(S)和退出速率(r₀)的改变将对位相相关的LWI增益和强度的空间演化产生明显的调制作用. 在S(r₀)的一定取值范围内, S(r₀)的值越大, LWI增益和强度越大且强度达到极大值需要的传播距离越长; 相应封闭系统中LWI增益和强度的最大值及能产生增益的传播距离都小于开放系统. Doppler效应对LWI增益和强度的空间演化也具有明显的影响, 存在Doppler效应时得到的LWI增益和强度明显小于无Doppler效应时的值.     

退火温度对KDP晶体光学均匀性的影响研究

 研究了磷酸二氢钾（KDP）晶体热退火前后光学均匀性的变化，发现适当温度下退火可以降低KDP晶体的内应力，提高晶体的消光比，从而提高晶体的光学均匀性。实验证明，50℃下退火即可消除部分内应力，110℃下退火可以消除生长鬼影和鬼线。但是,退火温度太高（如170℃）,也可能使晶体的均匀性降低。     

数字图像处理在塞曼效应实验中的应用

利用计算机对塞曼效应实验进行了数字图像处理,使实验精度有很大提高,实验时间缩短,该方法对拓宽学生知识面,开发计算机的应用起到了一定作用,值得在其它实验中推广。     

Optical,electrical and magnetic properties of nanostructured Mn3O4 synthesized through a facile chemical route

Nanostructured Mn₃O₄ sample with an average crystallite size of ∼15 nm is synthesized via the reduction of potassium permanganate using hydrazine. The average particle size obtained from the Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis is in good agreement with the average crystallite size estimated from X-ray diffraction analysis. The presence of Mn⁴⁺ ions at the octahedral sites is inferred from the results of Raman, UV–visible absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzes. DC electrical conductivity of the sample in the temperature range 313–423 K, is about five orders of magnitude larger than that reported for single crystalline Mn₃O₄ sample. The dominant conduction mechanism is identified to be of the polaronic hopping of holes between cations in the octahedral sites. The zero field cooled and field cooled magnetization of the sample is studied in the range 20–300 K. The Curie temperature for the sample is about 45 K, below which the sample is ferrimagnetic. A blocking temperature of 35 K is observed in the field cooled curve. It is observed that the sample shows hysteresis at temperatures below the Curie temperature with no saturation, even at an applied field (20 kOe). The presence of an ordered core and disordered surface of spin arrangements is observed from the magnetization studies. Above the Curie temperature, the sample shows linear dependence of magnetization on applied field with no hysteresis characteristic of paramagnetic phase.     

为什么水在金属表面的吸附构型是倾斜的——水在铜、铝表面吸附的量子化学计算

用量子化学从头算方法,分别以原子簇Ｃｕ５、Ａｌ４、Ａｌ１０模拟Ｃｕ（１００）和Ａｌ（１１１）表面,在不同基组水平上,计算了水在两种金属表面上倾斜吸附的热能面,结果表明：当计算基组中不含氧原子的ｄ轨道时,得到水分子在金属垂直吸附的构型,这与实验结果不符;当水中氧原子加极化函数时,水分子倾斜吸附时能量较低,得到与实验相符的吸附构型。这说明水中氧原子ｄ轨道在计算中起着关键作用,在成键过程中有着重要影响。     

NH4H2PO4和ND4D2PO4晶体微结构的拉曼光谱研究

本文利用偏振拉曼光谱和第一性原理, 对磷酸二氢铵(NH₄H₂PO₄, ADP)和不同氘含量磷酸二氢铵DADP晶体的晶格振动模式进行了研究. 实验测得了不同几何配置、200–4000 cm^-1范围的偏振拉曼光谱, 分析在不同氘含量条件下921 cm^-1和3000 cm^-1附近拉曼峰的变化. 在ADP晶体中, 基于基本结构单元NH₄⁺ 和H₂PO₄^-基团的振动模, 用第一性原理进行了数值模拟, 进一步明确拉曼峰与晶体中原子振动的对应关系; 通过洛伦兹拟合不同氘含量DADP晶体的拉曼光谱中2000–2600 cm^-1处各峰的变化讨论了DADP 晶体的氘化过程, 结果表明氘化顺序是先NH₄⁺ 基团后H₂PO₄^-基团, 研究结果为今后此类材料的生长和性能优化奠定了基础.