基于低共熔溶剂的涡旋辅助悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定水中三氯生与三氯卡班

建立了基于低共熔溶剂的涡旋辅助悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取(VA-DLLME-SFDES)结合高效液相色谱测定水样中三氯生和三氯卡班的新方法。合成了6种疏水性低共熔溶剂(DES)并测定其密度、熔点和辛醇-水分配系数(K_(OW))。选取其中低密度、合适凝固点的DES作为萃取剂,样品经涡旋辅助萃取后冷冻,萃取剂固化附着于离心管内壁,弃去水相后,融化离心进样。最佳萃取条件为:选取由薄荷醇∶十二醇(摩尔比为1∶2)制备的DES作为萃取剂,萃取剂用量为70μL,水样pH值调至5.0,涡旋时间为1 min。在最优条件下,三氯生和三氯卡班分别在0.59～100μg/L和0.26～100μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r~2=0.999 8),方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.08～0.18μg/L,富集倍数为141～148倍,回收率为86.0%～115%,日内精密度(n=6)和日间精密度(n=6)均不大于5.4%。该方法简便、快速,且萃取相易于收集,适用于水中三氯生和三氯卡班的测定。     

Two-dimensional Molecular Phase Transition of Alkylated-TDPB on Au(111) and Cu(111) Surfaces

The derivatives of aromatic cores bearing alkyl chains with different lengths are of potential interest in on-surface chemistry, and thus have been widely investigated both at liquid-solid interfaces and in vacuum. Here, we report on the structural evaluation of self-assembled 1,3,5-tri(4-dodecylphenyl)benzene(TDPB) molecules with increased molecular coverages on both Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces. As observed on Au(111), rhombic and herringbone structures emerge successively depending on surface coverage. In the case of Cu(111), the same process of phase conversion is also observed, but with two distinct structures. In comparison, the self-assembled structures on Au(111) surface are packed more densely than that on Cu(111) surface under the same preparation conditions. This may fundamentally result from the higher adsorption energy of TDPB molecules on Cu(111), restricting their adjustment to optimize a thermodynamically favorable molecular packing.     

Effect of Gaussian size distribution width on minimum fluidization velocity in tapered gas–solid fluidized beds

This paper investigated the effect of Gaussian distribution width, average particle diameter, particle loading, and the tapered angle on minimum fluidization velocity (U_mf) by conducting extensive experiments in tapered fluidized beds. Three powders with Gaussian size distribution and different distribution widths were used in the experiments. An increase in U_mf with increasing the average particle diameter, particle loading, and the tapered angle was observed. There was also a nonmonotonic behavior of U_mf as the Gaussian distribution width increased. An empirical correlation including dimensionless groups for predicting U_mf in tapered beds was developed in which the effect of distribution width was considered. The proposed correlation predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data, with a maximum deviation of 16.5% and average and standard deviations of, respectively, 6.4% and 7.4%. The proposed correlation was also compared with three earlier models, and their accuracy was discussed.     

Propagation of Lorentz and Lorentz-Gauss beams through an apertured fractional Fourier transform optical system

By expanding the hard-aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, we derive approximate analytical formulae for Lorentz and Lorentz-Gauss beams propagating through an apertured fractional Fourier transform (FRT) optical system. As an application example, properties of a Lorentz-Gauss beam in the FRT plane after propagating through a squarely or annularly apertured FRT optical system are studied numerically. The results obtained using the approximate analytical formula are in good agreement with those obtained using numerical integral calculation. The FRT optical system provides a convenient way for laser beam shaping.     

Highly transparent cerium doped gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet ceramic prepared with precursors fabricated by ultrasonic enhanced chemical co-precipitation

Cerium doped gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet (GGAG:Ce) ceramic precursors have been synthesized with an ultrasonic chemical co-precipitation method (UCC) and for comparison with a traditional chemical co-precipitation method (TCC). The effect of ultra-sonication on the morphology of powders and the transmittance of GGAG:Ce ceramics are studied. The results indicate that the UCC method can effectively improve the homogenization and sinterability of GGAG:Ce powders, which contribute to obtain high transparent GGAG ceramic with the highest transmittance of 81%.     

Electro-photo modulation of the fermi level in WSe2/graphene van der Waals heterojunction

We report an electro-photo double modulation of the fermi level in a WSe₂/graphene heterojunction. The heterojunction exhibits high I_ON/I_OFF ratio (~10³) in transfer characteristic in dark and distinct rectification behavior in output characteristic under light illumination, respectively. Time-dependent photoresponse reveals that the heterojunction has a considerable potential in the application of photodetection. Interestingly, an exotic current peak is observed in transfer characteristic under light illumination. This novel behavior is attributed to the tunable fermi level at the WSe₂/graphene heterojunction by electro-photo double modulation. The results may be helpful to develop tunable photovoltaic optoelectronics based on van der Waals heterojunctions.     

基于加权最小二乘法的干涉图校准方法

针对现有干涉图校准方法的不足，提出了一种基于加权最小二乘法的干涉图校准方法。根据干涉图中标准件边缘与干涉条纹边缘之间的差异，用合适大小的掩模对标准件的边缘进行初步判定和提取，再利用加权最小二乘法对提取出的边缘进行精确定位。通过计算标准件中已知尺寸部分在干涉图中所占据的像素数目，求出每个像素代表的实际距离，完成校准。实验表明，该方法的计算耗时较霍夫变换法减少一半，定位精度小于1个像素，且适用于不同对比度的干涉图，具有很强的实用性。     

Spectral image cathodoluminescence,photoluminescence and Raman study of GaAs layers grown on Si substrates

GaAs layers grown on Si substrates by the conformal method were investigated by means of Raman, photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectroscopies. The combination of these optical techniques allows a better knowledge of the properties of these layers, with special emphasis on the stress distribution and the incorporation of dopants. In particular, samples intentionally doped, with alternate doped and undoped fringes, have been analyzed. The effective incorporation of Si atoms in the GaAs structure to produce n-type layers and the formation of Si complexes are determined by Raman and cathodoluminescence data. The lateral quasi-periodic stress distribution, typically observed in these layers, is shown to affect the Si incorporation.     

Circular partially coherent flattened Gaussian beam

An alternative theoretical model called circular partially coherent flattened Gaussian beam (FGB) is developed to describe a circular partially coherent beam with a flat-topped spatial profile. Explicit expression for the propagation factor of a circular partially coherent FGB is derived. We drive the analytical formulae for the cross-spectral density and mean-squared beam width of a circular partially coherent FGB propagating through a paraxial ABCD optical system based on the generalized Collins formula. The intensity, spreading and directionality properties of a circular partially coherent FGB propagating in free space are studied as numerical examples. The propagation properties of a circular partially coherent FGB agree well with those of a partially coherent flat-topped beam reported in the literature. Thus, our model provides an alternative but reliable model for describing a circular partially coherent beam with flat-topped profile.