Experimental study of gas deflagration temperature distribution and its measurement

Explosion temperature is one of the main factors in combustible gas explosion accidents. Despite all this, this problem has not yet received considerable attention, especially few fundamental data related to the temperature distribution of gas explosions in closed vessels in literatures. According to characteristics of gas deflagrations, this work developed a gas explosion temperature measurement system whose response time to temperature is approximate 10 μs. By using this system, an experimental study was carried out which is concerned with the deflagration temperature distribution of premixed methane-air mixtures in the 20 L spherical vessel with a diameter of 168 mm. Experimental results show that temperatures on or near the wall are obviously lower than those in the center part of the vessel and there is a conspicuous gradient from the wall to the center part of the vessel. In the inside of the vessel, the deflagration temperature of premixed methane-air mixtures near the ignition spot at the center of the vessel can approximately reach 1200 °C, while near the wall, only 300 °C. This result throws a light on the specific regularity of gas temperature distribution near the boundary. It is possible to provide an important basis for understanding the general characteristics of gas deflagrations in closed vessels as well as choosing good measurement designs. Otherwise, if the ignition is located in the geometrical center of the spherical vessel, velocity of the flame increases with the distance away from the center inside the vessel, and when the flame arrives at the inner wall, this velocity descend sharply.     

弹丸对钢板的半侵彻作用特性研究

 随着现代高新技术的发展提出了对弹丸半侵彻（PEP）的研究,通过弹丸的半侵彻作用使其稳定嵌立于目标靶上,并由其外露部分形成障碍或感应目标伺机作用、或作为受力承载点等方式实现特殊用途。针对新结构弹头开展了弹靶半侵彻过程的数值模拟和靶材流动特性研究,采用量纲理论获得了弹丸半侵彻靶板的主要无量纲组合参量,获得了弹丸侵彻与反弹阶段靶板形变与弹靶系统能量分配特性,并对半侵彻作用机理进行了初步的探讨。最后通过炮射实验验证了实现稳定嵌立于靶板的可行性。     

煤矿巷道瓦斯爆炸冲击波与高温气流的关系

 为了给瓦斯爆炸后煤尘二次爆炸的深入研究提供理论依据,应用计算流体力学方法,对煤矿巷道内瓦斯爆炸的瞬态流场进行了数值模拟,得到了冲击波与高温气流流动的时空关系,并借助实验对数值方法进行了验证。研究表明：在瓦斯爆炸后的一定时间内,近场区域和远场的部分区域极有可能引发煤尘二次爆炸。给出了可能发生煤尘二次爆炸的区域随瓦斯区长度的函数关系式,以及远场中峰值温度和峰值超压到达时间的间隔随轴向距离和瓦斯区长度的分布特性。     

串联弹前级装药对后级随进弹爆炸作用的研究

 为获得串联战斗部随进弹在受到前级装药爆炸作用时,质量对其所受最大过载及动能衰减的影响规律,采用非线性动力学软件AUTODYN,基于Euler-Lagrange耦合算法,对前级装药的爆炸过程中,不同弹径、不同质量的随进弹穿越爆轰场进行了数值模拟。得出了随进弹在前级爆炸作用下所受最大过载和动能衰减的变化规律。基于数值模拟结果建立了随进弹剩余速度与质量的无量纲关系式,计算结果得到了实验验证。     

弹粘塑性双球壳塌缩热点反应模型

 基于Kim的弹粘塑性单球壳塌缩模型,考虑PBX炸药中的粘结剂效应,假设炸药和粘结剂均为弹粘塑性材料,建立了弹粘塑性双球壳塌缩热点反应模型,给出了炸药球壳在冲击压力作用下的速度、应变、温度和化学反应速率的时空分布,以及新的热点反应速率理论表达式。把新的热点反应项与Kim的低压下慢反应项和张震宇提出的高压反应速率方程相结合,得到了新的冲击起爆三项式细观反应速率模型。把该模型加入DYNA2D中,模拟了PBX-9501炸药的一维冲击起爆过程,结果表明：该模型除了可以解释炸药颗粒度和孔隙度的影响外,还可以较好地描述粘结剂强度和含量对PBX炸药冲击起爆感度的影响。     

超高速碰撞产生等离子体电磁特性的研究进展

 综述了国外在超高速碰撞产生等离子体的电磁特性研究方面的现状,主要包括电子温度、等离子体的粒子密度、等离子体的振荡频率及产生的磁场特征等方面。利用等离子体特征参量诊断的扫描Langmuir探针系统、磁感应强度测量的线圈系统及实验系统,进行了超高速碰撞产生等离子体实验,分析了实验中产生等离子体的电磁特性。     

Effects of binders and graphite on the sensitivity of ε-HNIW

In order to optimize formulations of PBX based on Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) and meet the application in mixed explosive, the mold powder of HNIW coated by varied binders was obtained by aqueous suspension technology. Several particle sizes of graphite were added as additive with a 0.5 % mass ratio. The experiment results showed that fluorine resin (FPM) was better than polyurethane and cis-butadiene rubber when the mass percentage of binders was fixed at 4 %. The characteristic height of HNIW/FPM (96/4) mold powder was at 28 cm (2.5 kg hammer), while that of the neat HNIW was at 15 cm merely, and the friction explosion probability fell from 100 to 70 %. The addition of flake graphite with proper grain size would reduce the mechanical sensitivity of HNIW and improved the fluxion property of HNIW-based mold powders. The thermal stability characteristic of HNIW FPM (96/4) and HNIW/FPM/G (96/4/0.5) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) at 10 °C min^?1, the peak decomposition temperatures were at 251 and 250 °C, which were closed to that of neat HNIW(249 °C) and also identified superior thermal stability of compound.     

Crystal Structure,Thermal Decomposition Behaviors and Sensitivity Properties of a Novel Energetic Compound [Co(DAT)6](ClO4)2

A novel energetic coordination compound [Co(DAT)₆](ClO₄)₂ has been synthesized by using 1,5‐diaminotetrazole (DAT) as a ligand and its structure has been characterized using X‐ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The central cobalt(II) cation is coordinated by six N atoms from six DAT molecules to form a six‐coordinated and distorted octahedral structure. Di‐dimension layer structure was formed by the extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds between DAT ligands and ClO^?₄ anions along a‐axis and b‐axis. Thermal decomposition mechanism of [Co(DAT)₆](ClO₄)₂ was investigated based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra. The kinetic parameters of the first exothermic process were studied by applying the Kissinger's and Ozawa‐Doyle's methods. Additionally, the sensitivities of this complex were tested. The results of all the studies show that [Co(DAT)₆](ClO₄)₂ has an extreme potential application as an energetic material.     

High-Pressure Behaviour of β-HMX Crystal Studied by DFT-LDA

Density functional theory （DFT） with local density approximation （LDA） is employed to study the structural and electronic properties of the high explosive octahydro- 1,3,5, 7-tetranitro-1,3, 5, 7-tetrazocine （HMX） under high pressure compression up to 40 GPa. Pressure dependences of the cell volume, lattice constants, and molecular geometry of solid β-HMX are presented and discussed. It is found that N-N and N-C bonds are subject to significant change. This may implies that these bonds may be related to the sensitivity. The band gap is calculated and plotted as a function of pressure. Compared the experimental results with other theoretical works we find that LDA gives good results.     

基于不分裂算法的Euler网格细分方法

 对考虑多物质相互作用的爆炸冲击数值模拟,Euler型流体动力学方法是最有效的方法之一。采用维数不分裂算法处理Euler坐标下的纯物质网格,混合网格在Youngs界面重构技术的基础上进行细分,消除混合网格复杂的输运计算。对纯物质网格和细分后网格,都具体给出了往相邻八个网格输运的所有可能分配量的表达式。最后将该方法加入到自行开发的MMIC-2D通用多物质二维爆炸与冲击问题数值仿真程序中,数值算例显示本文采用方法不仅能有效地提高计算精度,同时能降低问题的计算工作量,节省计算时间。