Stochastic chemo-physical-mechanical degradation analysis on hydrated cement under acidic environments

The accumulation of material degradation under contact with aggressive aqueous environments could lead to reduced structural reliability. In terms of hydrated cementitious materials, such interactions often result in the chemo-physical-mechanical (CPM) degradation, which represents a multiphysics process of high non-linearity and complexity. By further considering the inevitable uncertainties associated with both the materials and the serving conditions, solving such a process requires novel probabilistic approaches. This paper presents a stochastic chemo-physical-mechanical (SCPM) degradation analysis on the hydrated cement under acidic environment. The SCPM analysis consists of modelling the stochastic chemophysical degradation by finite element method, and assessing the mechanical deterioration through analytical micromechanics. The proposed modelling framework couples the conventional Monte Carlo Simulation with a novel support vector regression algorithm. The present method is able to not only address the detailed degradation mechanisms, but also ensure low computational costs for an accurate SCPM degradation assessment.     

不同加载方式下路堤沉降性状与预测模型研究

从考虑土体流变的本构关系出发 ,证明了瞬时加载、线性或者近似线性加载和分级加载情况下路堤沉降的性状 ,提出了从数学上能满足各自变形特征的预测模型 ,工程实例分析表明了在不同条件下采用不同模型的合理性和实用性     

Rock porosity quantification by dual-energy X-ray computed microtomography

Porous media investigation by X-ray microtomography allows obtaining valuable quantitative and qualitative information, while preserving sample integrity. Modern X-ray nanotomography or Synchrotron radiation systems may distinguish structures sized only hundreds of nanometers. However, pores sized less than a few microns (microporosity) may be undetectable due to the system’s spatial resolution and noise in microfocus sources, compromising the quality of the measurement. In this study a dual-energy methodology was developed to generate density-based images from two scans made at two different voltages (80 kV and 130 KV) with a microfocus bench-top microtomography system. The images obtained were quantized in 256 gray levels, where the lowest value (zero) corresponded to voids and the highest value (255) corresponded to the densest regions mapped. From density images and single energy images, porosity was evaluated and compared. Results indicate that density images present better results than single energy images when both are compared with porosity obtained by the helium injection method. In addition, images acquired in dual-energy show good agreement with the sample’s real density values.     

Isotopes and hydrochemistry of Daihai Lake recharging sources,Northern China

Daihai Lake has faced severe shrinkage in recent years due to over-exploitation. Stable isotopes (D and ¹⁸O) and hydrochemistry are employed to investigate the source of lake water to better understand its recharge dynamics. Results show that, in additional to local rainfall, groundwater is also an important water supply to the lake and accounts for a greater proportion. The groundwater is not recharged by local rainfall, but originates from other sources with significantly depleted isotope values. Combined with springs and artesian wells in the basin, it is consistent with the recent discover of external groundwater recharging in Northern China.     

An interpolating element-free Galerkin scaled boundary method applied to structural dynamic analysis

An efficient semi-analytical method, namely the interpolating element-free Galerkin scaled boundary method (IEFG-SBM) is developed for structural dynamic analysis in this paper, which is based on boundary scattered nodes with no need of element connectivity. Since the shape functions of the improved interpolating moving least-squares (IIMLS) method satisfy the delta function property, the essential boundary conditions, as a result, can be enforced accurately without any additional efforts. Based on the improved continued fraction, the dynamic properties of a bounded domain are expressed by the high order static stiffness and mass matrices. This continued fraction solution is computationally more robust and the transient response can be obtained directly in the time domain using standard procedures in structural dynamics. It is testified from the computational results that the present method for structural dynamic analysis is quite easy to be implemented with high accuracy.     

Band gap engineering in silicene: A theoretical study of density functional tight-binding theory

In this work, we performed first principles calculations based on self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding to investigate different mechanisms of band gap tuning of silicene. We optimized structures of silicene sheet, functionalized silicene with H, CH₃ and F groups and nanoribbons with the edge of zigzag and armchair. Then we calculated electronic properties of silicene, functionalized silicene under uniaxial elastic strain, silicene nanoribbons and silicene under external electrical fields. It is found that the bond length and buckling value for relaxed silicene is agreeable with experimental and other theoretical values. Our results show that the band gap opens by functionalization of silicene. Also, we found that the direct band gap at K point for silicene changed to the direct band gap at the gamma point. Also, the functionalized silicene band gap decrease with increasing of the strain. For all sizes of the zigzag silicene nanoribbons, the band gap is near zero, while an oscillating decay occurs for the band gap of the armchair nanoribbons with increasing the nanoribbons width. At finally, it can be seen that the external electric field can open the band gap of silicene. We found that by increasing the electric field magnitude the band gap increases.     

SO 2 sorption properties of fly ash zeolites

In the presented study, the sulfur dioxide sorption properties of fly ash zeolite X were investigated. Sorption tests were performed on fly ash zeolite samples that were not prepared specially for sorption, in addition to dried samples and samples in the presence of water vapor. The samples saturated with water vapor showed the highest sorption capacity. The sorption capacity of the samples additionally dried prior to the sorption experiment was higher than that of the samples that were not specially prepared for the sorption test. Regeneration tests indicated relatively good regeneration properties. The obtained results were described with the use of Langmuir, Sips, and Dubinin–Astakhov models, with the Dubinin–Astakhov model providing the best fit.     

非贯通裂隙岩体损伤演化率相关性及变形特征

含非贯通裂隙岩体是自然界中岩体的主要赋存形式,其裂隙几何特征对岩体的强度及变形均产生显著影响。应变率对岩体的损伤演化及黏滞效应也具有显著的率相关性。首先,运用模型元件的方法,将非贯通裂隙岩体动态破坏过程视为具复合损伤、静态弹性特性、动态黏滞特性的非均质点组成,对黏弹性响应的Maxwell体进行改进,将细观损伤体与裂隙损伤演化的宏观损伤体根据等效应变假设并联组成宏细观复合损伤体,构建综合考虑岩体宏细观缺陷的动态损伤模型;其次,基于断裂力学及应变能理论,对岩体宏观裂隙动态扩展的能量机制进行分析,综合考虑初始裂隙应变能、裂隙动态损伤演化过程应变能、裂隙闭合应变能,得到裂隙岩体宏观动态损伤变量计算公式;最后,将模型计算结果与实验结果进行比较,模型计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了模型的合理性,同时利用模型讨论了裂隙倾角、应变率、岩石性质对岩体变形特征的影响规律。     

SHPB冲击作用下层状千枚岩多尺度破坏机理研究

通过分离式霍普金森杆对层状千枚岩施加动态载荷,得到不同层理倾角下层状千枚岩的动态抗压强度与宏观破坏模式。采用三维激光仪获得断裂面细观形貌,引入分形几何定量计算断口面粗糙度;结合SEM观察到的微观尺度下不同层理倾角断口破坏机理,分析了不同层理倾角下层状岩石的动态破坏机制。研究结果表明:动态压缩下层理弱面对岩石的抗压强度影响较大;不同层理倾角千枚岩的断口形貌分形维数随层理倾角增大呈U型变化;从强度与裂纹扩展两方面考虑层理弱面对层状岩石破坏特征的影响,对于层理倾角为0°的试样,强度由岩石基质控制,但层理弱面仍对岩石破坏的裂纹分布与走向产生较大影响;对于层理倾角为22.5°的试样,强度与裂纹走向受岩石基质与层理弱面共同控制;对于层理倾角为45°~67.5°的试样,强度与裂纹走向受层理弱面控制;而对于层理倾角为90°的试样,动态抗压强度受岩石基质的影响较大,在层理弱面较早形成纵向宏观裂纹,导致该层理弱面角度下裂纹受层理弱面的影响较大。     

水岩耦合变形破坏过程及机理研究进展

坝址水力劈裂、煤矿和隧道突水以及水力压裂工程都是岩体损伤演化积累诱发破坏 (灾变) 的过程,然而能否正确认识和评价这些过程取决于人们对水岩耦合变形破坏过程和机理的研究程度. 阐述了岩石渗流 --变形 --破坏特性及机理研究的进程, 侧重于物理实验成果. 综述了水岩耦合变形破坏过程分析模型和数值计算, 特别是有限单元法处理裂纹的思路, 并介绍了作者课题组近年来所取得的一些代表性成果. 给出了当前理论 (数值) 研究中所面临的几个具体问题和挑战, 并对今后研究工作进行了力所能及的展望.