Experimental study of inspection on SiC coated high-temperature alloy plates with defects using pulsed thermographic technique

The pulsed thermographic technique was used to detect flat-bottomed hole defects in SiC coated high-temperature alloy plates. Temperature–time Logarithm Fitting Method (TtLFM), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pulsed Phase Thermography (PPT) were used to extract the characteristic information of the thermal wave signal generated by thermal pulse. It is found that PCA algorithm is available for analyzing the thermal wave signal generated by thermal pulse due to higher signal–noise ratio. Experiments were performed to investigate the effect on the thermal contrast by the pulse intensity, frame rate and analysis moment, respectively. Experimental results show that larger pulse intensity and frame rate are benefit to get larger thermal contrast thermogram, and optimal analysis moment selected is helpful to detect the defects of SiC coated high-temperature alloy plates using pulsed thermographic technique.     

DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF HIGH SPEED TRAIN MEETING IN OPEN AIR,MEETING IN TUNNEL AND PASSING TUNNEL1)

明线会车、隧道会车和过隧道工况下的气动压力波对高速列车的动力响应和运行安全产生很大影响,本文建立了三辆编组的高速列车动力学模型,通过数值仿真得到了列车在三种工况下的车体所受的气动力,基于数值积分分析了列车的动力响应和脱轨系数。研究发现：明线会车和隧道会车工况相比,车辆的侧向运动相反。 明线会车和过隧道时,气动载荷对列车的脱轨系数影响较小,而隧道会车时,气动载荷作用对尾车的安全性影响较大。     

研磨子抑制高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的机理研究

高速列车车轮多边形磨耗是我国高速列车自2008年开行以来出现的最严重的问题之一,直接影响到高速列车的运行安全. 利用高速轮轨滚动试验机试验研究了研磨子的增黏作用和局部缺陷修复作用,探讨了其作用机制. 建立了由轮对、钢轨和整体道床组成的轮轨系统滑动摩擦自激振动模型,研究了轮轨黏着和滑动工况下的轮轨系统摩擦自激振动发生趋势,指出研磨子抑制高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的主要机理在于以下两个方面:(1)研磨子的增黏作用,使轮轨系统制动和牵引时不容易发生滑动,消除了车轮多边形发生的条件;(2)研磨子中硬质颗粒能够有效地将车轮踏面的微观缺陷及时打磨清除,从而有效抑制车轮多边形、异常磨耗及接触疲劳裂纹的产生.      

铁路车轴过盈配合面微动损伤分析及有限元仿真

基于全尺寸铁路车轴疲劳试验,观察并分析了微动区损伤形貌及损伤机理. 基于测量的磨损轮廓建立有限元模型,计算分析了微动磨损对过盈配合面微动参量及轴向应力的影响. 结果表明:轮座近加载侧存在1个宽度约为20 mm的微动损伤区,根据形貌特征可以分为3个区域. 仿真得到的微动滑移区宽度与损伤区宽度基本一致,张开区宽度略小于磨损区. 未磨损时,接触压应力、摩擦剪应力及轴向应力峰值均出现在接触最边缘;在微动磨损作用下,接触压应力、摩擦剪应力、轴向应力峰值出现在磨损-未磨损边界,且轴向应力数值在磨损区由负变正. 磨屑的存在为接触面提供承载平台,在一定程度上抑制应力集中向内部转移.      

激励电压对沿面介质阻挡放电特性的影响分析

近年来,沿面介质阻挡放电(SDBD)用作大气压下气流控制的等离子体激励器因其众多的优点受到了广泛的关注.然而,国内外对沿面介质阻挡放电及其应用的研究尚处于探索阶段,对其放电特性的影响因素缺乏规律性的认识.因此,对SDBD相关特性和影响因素进行研究具有重要理论意义和应用价值.本文使用频率5～20 kHz,峰值电压0～30 kV的可调正弦交流电源激励大气压环境下的SDBD装置.通过调节激励电压大小,研究了其与SDBD放电特性之间的关系,对等离子体放电电流、放电形貌、功率损耗、诱导气流以及机械效率进行了分析.实验结果表明,SDBD消耗功率、放电强度和诱导气流均会随着激励电压的增大而增大,但机械效率存在先增大后减小的趋势,说明等离子体流动控制中研究中存在最佳效率点.     

Investigation of aerodynamic effects on the high-speed train exposed to longitudinal and lateral wind velocities

The wind stability of the high-speed train has gained an increasing interest in the last few years. In this paper, an investigation of the effects of stochastic winds with longitudinal and lateral components on the high-speed train is described. The longitudinal and lateral wind time histories at the position of a moving vehicle, for a variety of wind directions, are first simulated. An algorithm for computing the unsteady aerodynamic load time histories is then derived for a moving vehicle. A typical railway vehicle has been modeled using the vehicle dynamic simulation package ‘Simpack’, and the unsteady wind loads of the same vehicle are applied to the vehicle model to investigate the dynamic response behavior. The simulated vehicle behavior is assessed against the indicator of load reduction factor, which indicates wheel unloading and therefore potential roll over. The characteristic wind curves (CWC) and its spread range are then obtained to evaluate the operational safety of the high-speed train. The results demonstrate that the operational safety of the high-speed train will be overestimated if the lateral wind velocity is not considered, especially for the small angles between vehicle and wind.     

高速列车气动外形优化研究进展

随着运行速度的提升, 高速列车对气动外形的要求也越来越高, 追求性能优异、美观大方的气动外形是新型高速列车研发的一个重要方向. 基于当前高速列车外形研发的思路, 可以将气动外形优化概括为基于流场机理的改型优化和基于优化算法的外形优化两类. 本文简要回顾了当前国内外在这两类优化途径上的系列工作, 着重介绍了作者所在团队近年来做过的一系列气动外形优化工作. 在基于流场机理的改型优化上, 着重从"和谐号"和"复兴号"这两款主力车型的外形研发上探讨其改型优化的思路, 主要探讨了空调导流罩、受电弓平台、风挡和转向架裙板几类对列车阻力影响较为明显的部件的优化设计,并介绍了其相对于上一代车型在气动性能上的提升. 基于优化算法的外形优化方法,则因循气动外形优化流程, 在列车外形已经具有较好性能的基础上,以高速列车头型流线型为主要优化对象,分别从高速列车参数化方法、替代模型开发以及优化算法改进三个方面进行介绍.其中,高速列车参数化方法主要介绍了局部型函数法、修正车辆造型函数法和类别/形状函数法三类;替代模型开发介绍了最优化替代模型和基于交叉验证的Kriging模型; 在优化算法的改进上介绍了改进的非劣分类多目标粒子群算法和连续域混沌蚁群算法两方面的内容.基于上述三个方面介绍了气动外形优化策略在典型工程上的应用案例.      

MOVING MODEL ANALYSIS OF THE INITIAL COMPRESSION WAVE IN TUNNEL FOR HIGH-SPEED TRAINS1)

利用动模型实验方法,主要研究列车头型横截面变化对初始压缩波的影响。结果表明,在列车最大横截面积和流线型部分长度相同的情况下,列车头部流线型部分的平均横截面积和截面变化率均会对初始压缩波的压力峰值产生影响,平均横截面积决定了初始压缩波形成时的强度大小,截面变化率则通过影响初始压缩波的压力梯度,决定在隧道传播过程中初始压缩波压力峰值的衰减程度。     

Interpretation of positron lifetime spectra arising from micellar solutions: Determination of the ortho-positronium diffusion coefficient in the solvent

Positron lifetime spectra arising from micellar solutions of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) are interpreted in terms of a classical positronium diffusion model published earlier. Unlike the generally accepted assumptions, this model results in a non-exponential ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime density function. A new method is presented for the simultaneous fitting of this lifetime density function to independent lifetime spectra recorded under the same experimental conditions. Among the fit parameters D_p, the diffusion coefficient of o-Ps in the solvent (i.e. heavy water) phase is studied in detail; a detailed error analysis for D_p is also given. Provided that the mean aggregation number of SDS micelles is about 60, the published D_p values show that the diffusion coefficient of o-Ps in (heavy) water at room temperature is lower than that of small ions and molecules and the Arrhenius plot indicates a strong o-Ps localization in the solvent. The hydrodynamic radius of o-Ps is calculated from the o-Ps and micellar diffusion coefficients and from the micellar radius; it is greater than that of small ions and molecules and this can be considered as an independent indirect proof for the existence of o-Ps bubble in the (heavy) water.     

The contact problem for hollow and solid cylinders with stress-free faces

The contact problem for hollow and solid circular cylinders with a symmetrically fitted belt and stress-free faces is considered. Homogeneous solutions corresponding to zero stresses on the cylinder faces are obtained. The generalized orthogonality of homogeneous solutions is used to satisfy the modified boundary conditions. In the final analysis the problem is reduced to a system of integral equations in the functions describing the displacement of the outer and inner surfaces of the cylinders. These functions are sought in the form of the sum of a trigonometric series and a power function with a root singularity. The ill-posed infinite systems of algebraic equations obtained as a result, are regularized by introducing small positive parameters [Ref. Kalitkin NN. Numerical Methods. Moscow: Nauka; 1978] and, after reduction, have stable regularized solutions. Since the elements of the matrices of the system are given by poorly converging numerical series, an effective method of calculating the residues of these series is developed. Formulae for the distribution function of the contact pressure and the integral characteristic are obtained. Since the first formula contains a third-order derivative of the functional series, a numerical differentiation procedure is employed when using it [Refs. Kalitkin NN. Numerical Methods. Moscow: Nauka; 1978; Danilina NI, Dubrovskaya NS, Kvasha OP et al. Numerical Methods. A Student Textbook. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola; 1976]. Examples of the analysis of a cylindrical belt are given.