28 W环绕式高密度注入波导激光器

报道了一种新型结构形式的环绕式高密度注入波导激光器原理样机。采用环绕式高密度侧面注入技术,利用经过特殊工艺处理的裸增益光纤,当注入泵浦功率320 W时,获得了最高输出功率为28 W的连续激光,斜率效率20%,中心波长1080 nm。结果表明,环绕式高密度注入波导结构形式是可行的,且输出功率和斜率效率具有较大的提升空间。     

小波分析及其在高光谱噪声去除中的应用

为了消除高光谱遥感图像中光谱曲线的锯齿型噪声,提高利用光谱曲线进行信息提取研究时的精度,文章使用USGS(united states geological survey)光谱库中的植被光谱进行模拟,添加了信噪比为30的噪声后采用小波阈值法进行噪声去除,并利用信噪比、均方误差和光谱角三项指标以及综合评估系数η来对去噪效果进行评估,寻找出最佳的参数组合。实验表明,使用db12,db10,sym9,sym6等小波对含噪光谱进行3～7层分解,采用软阈值函数处理小波变换系数并使用Heursure阈值方案进行阈值估计,然后根据第一层小波分解的噪声水平估计进行阈值调整可以得到满意的去噪效果。不过该方法对噪声水平有一定的依赖性,针对不同噪声水平时需探索更合适的参数组合。     

Phosphorous,nitrogen, and molybdenum ternary co-doped TiO2: preparation and photocatalytic activities under visible light

P, N, and Mo ternary co-doped nano TiO₂ photocatalysts ((P, N, Mo)-TiO₂) were prepared by a single step sol–gel method, which show much enhanced photocatalytic activities over Mo-TiO₂, (P, N)-TiO₂, un-doped TiO₂ and Degussa P25 under visible light irradiation. The degradation rate of 0.72Mo–P-TiO₂ is as high as 65.3%, which is about 6.7 times of that of Degussa P25. Possible reasons for the improvement of photocatalytic activities were analyzed.     

2021年北京学业水平等级性考试化学卷命题理念的分析*

结合典型试题分析,从基础知识的融会贯通、学科能力的有效发展、学科思想的深入渗透等3个方面,探讨了2021年北京学业水平等级性考试化学卷的命题理念。说明了试题在营造良好教考互动生态、破除机械刷题、衔接高等教育和中学教育过程中发挥的积极作用。     

Alkylaminosilane‐Assisted Simultaneous Etching and Growth Route to Synthesise Metal Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Silica Nanorattles

An efficient and facile method to synthesise silica nanorattles with multiple noble metal (Au and Pd) cores by a simultaneous etching and growth route has been developed. In this strategy, a dual‐functional alkylaminosilane was adopted to form the middle layer of solid organic–inorganic hybrid solid‐silica spheres (HSSSs), which enabled the selective etching of the middle hybrid layer of the HSSSs and the in situ growth of metal nanoparticles (NPs) inside the cavity in a one‐step hydrothermal reaction. By adjusting the pH values of the reaction system, the metal NPs could be grown exclusively inside the silica nanorattles, resulting in a high atomic utilisation of the noble metals. The size and number of Au cores were tunable by manipulating the initial concentration of HAuCl₄. The prepared silica nanorattles with Au cores were successfully applied to the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol and showed high catalytic activity and cycle stability. Catalysts with multiple gold cores exhibited superior catalytic activity to those with a single gold core, probably because they possess smaller Au cores with greater surface area.     

Evidence of a radiation-induced defect level in n-type InSb

Capacitance bridge measurements of loss on irradiated n-type InSb specimens at low temperatures are reported. A peak in a.c. conductance at 51 K is seen after irradiation and it is attributed to a radiation induced level.     

How does the rarefaction of the air affect hypersonic vehicles

The scope,physical concept,and mathematical model for describing how the rarefaction of the air affects on hypersonic flows have been discussed.A new method,nam...     

天然植物花卉的反射光谱在显示器中的颜色复制特征

基于sRGB颜色空间作为显示器的色彩显示的重要颜色空间,首次对天然植物花卉反射光谱在sRGB颜色空间的复制特征进行了研究。针对天然植物花卉颜色由CIE1931XYZ向sRGB颜色空间转换过程中在sRGB空间中的“剪切”现象,分析了九种典型光源下218种天然植物花卉的反射光谱在sRGB颜色空间的颜色复制误差。考虑到D65光源的特殊性,对D65下的复制做了重点研究。研究结果表明,天然植物花卉颜色由CIE1931颜色空间向sRGB颜色空间转换时,“剪切现象”是造成空间转换误差的主要原因,存在剪切现象时,如果颜色分量剪切程度较小,同样可以不会带来大的色差,仍可能得到较好的颜色复制效果;D65光源下,218个天然植物花卉光谱中有8个“橙黄色”光谱的颜色在sRGB颜色空间中存在“剪切现象”,占总光谱数目的3.7%;D65下天然植物花卉颜色在sRGB中颜色复制效果最好,而在A光源下最差。     

武汉地区地震效应影响研究

虽然武汉市地震影响及地震危险性的水平较低 ,强震也不是武汉市工程地质环境的主要问题 ,但在城市生命线工程和高层超高层建筑方面必须考虑单体抗震设防。而且 ,随着武汉市城市建设的不断发展 ,地震效应影响逐渐成为武汉市工程地质环境评价的一个重要因子。文章在分析了武汉地区地震动衰减规律 ,进行了地震危险性评价 ,深入研究了各土层动力参数性质的基础上 ,指出武汉地区地震地面破坏主要存在砂土液化和软土震陷两种型式及各自可能的空间分布.     

Effective property models for homogeneous two-phase flows

Using an analogy between thermal conductivity of porous media and viscosity in two-phase flow, new definitions for two-phase viscosity are proposed. These new definitions satisfy the following two conditions: namely (i) the two-phase viscosity is equal to the liquid viscosity at the mass quality = 0% and (ii) the two-phase viscosity is equal to the gas viscosity at the mass quality = 100%. These new definitions can be used to compute the two-phase frictional pressure gradient using the homogeneous modeling approach. These new models are assessed using published experimental data of two-phase frictional pressure gradient in circular pipes, minichannels and microchannels in the form of Fanning friction factor (f_m) versus Reynolds number (Re_m). The published data include different working fluids such as R-12, R-22, argon (R740), R717, R134a, R410A and propane (R290) at different diameters and different saturation temperatures. Models are assessed on the basis minimizing the root mean square error (eRMS). It is shown that these new definitions of two-phase viscosity can be used to analyze the experimental data of two-phase frictional pressure gradient in circular pipes, minichannels and microchannels using simple friction models.