Comparison of a very high frequency 148 MHz inductively coupled plasma to a 27 MHz ICP

Physical parameters and analytical performance are determined for an analytical ICP operated at 148 MHz, a frequency nearly three times higher than any previously reported. The iron(I) excitation temperatures are approximately 1.5 times lower and the electron densities are five times lower than at 27 MHz. The consequences of these changes are lower analyte and background continuum emission intensities, such that the signal to background ratios are decreased at the higher frequency. Freedom from interferences and working curve linearity are unaffected while ease of sample introduction is improved. A shift towards atomic emission indicates a deviation farther from LTE at 148 MHz. These effects are attributed to the decrease in skin depth with increasing frequency.     

Tissue imaging and serum lipidomic profiling for screening potential biomarkers of thyroid tumors by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Changes in serum lipidome and in tissue lipidome are associated with cancer. In this study, tissue mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and serum lipid profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTICR MS) were performed to investigate significantly changed lipids in both tumor (malignant thyroid cancer (MTC) and benign thyroid tumor (BTT)) tissues and sera. Y-scatterplots of variable importance in the projection (VIP) values vs. fold change values indicate that change trends in the levels of ten lipids (i.e., phosphatidylcholine (PC)(34:1), PC(36:1), PC(38:6), phosphatidic acid (PA) (36:2), PA(36:3), PA(38:3), PA(38:4), PA(38:5), PA(40:5), and sphingomyelin (SM)(34:1)) in both tissues and sera from MTC patients, BTT patients, and normal individuals are significantly associated with these three types of pathophysiological status. In order to examine their diagnostic ability, 289 serum samples from 124 MTC patients, 43 BTT patients, and 122 normal controls were randomly divided into the training set and validation set. A biomarker of PC(34:1) exhibited excellent diagnostic ability to differentiate both MTC and BTT patients from normal individuals, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve value of 0.984, a sensitivity of 96.4 %, and a specificity of 92.7 %. A panel which included PA(36:3) and SM(34:1) could distinguish between MTC and BTT, with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.961, a sensitivity of 87.8 %, and a specificity of 92.9 %. It is worth noting that a panel consisting of PC(34:1), PA(36:3), and SM(34:1) could differentiate MTC patients from both BTT patients and normal individuals, with an AUC of 0.841, a sensitivity of 86.6 %, and a specificity of 75.5 %.

Structure-tuned membrane active Ir-complexed oligoarginine overcomes cancer cell drug resistance and triggers immune responses in mice

The development of chemotherapy, an important cancer treatment modality, is hindered by the frequently found drug-resistance phenomenon. Meanwhile, researchers have been enthused lately by the synergistic use of chemotherapy with emerging immunotherapeutic treatments. In an effort to address both of the two unmet needs, reported herein is a study on a series of membrane active iridium(iii) complexed oligoarginine peptides with a new cell death mechanism capable of overcoming drug resistance as well as stimulating immunological responses. A systematic structure–activity relationship study elucidated the interdependent effects of three structural factors, i.e., hydrophobicity, topology and cationicity, on the regulation of the cytotoxicity of the Ir(iii)-oligoarginine peptides. With the most prominent toxicities, Ir-complexed octaarginines (R8) were found to display a progressive oncotic cell death featuring cell membrane-penetration and eruptive cytoplasmic content release. Consequently, this membrane-centric death mechanism showed promising potential in overcoming multiple chemical drug-resistance of cancer cells. More interestingly, the eruptive mode of cell death proved to be immunogenic by stimulating the dendritic cell maturation and inflammatory factor accumulation in mice tumours. Taking these mechanisms together, this work demonstrates that membrane active compounds may become the next generation chemotherapeutics because of their combined advantages.

Structure optimized Ir-complexed cyclic octa-arginine shows a potential of “one-drug two-effects” for cancer treatment.     

Dephosphorylation of intact glycoprotein to greatly improve digestion efficiency coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric analysis

Sialylation is essential for a variety of cellular functions. Herein, we used bovine fetuin with three potential N-linked glycosylation sites containing complex-type glycan structures, four potential O-linked glycosylation sites and six potential phosphorylation sites as a model compound to develop a highly-efficient digestion strategy for sialylated glycoproteins and efficient enrichment strategy for sialylated glycopeptides using titanium dioxide. The former according to the process of alkaline phosphatase digestion followed by tryptic digestion and then proteinase K digestion could greatly improve the enzymatic efficiency on fetuin, and the latter could obviously enhance the enrichment efficiency for multisialylated glycopeptides using phosphoric acid solution as elution buffer. The mass spectra of the enriched glycopeptides derived from fetuin reveal that several series of the ion clusters with mass difference of 291 Da correspond to the presence of multisialylated glycopeptides. In addition, the approach was applied to characterize the sialylated status of α2-macroglobulin and transferrin, respectively, from the sera of healthy subjects and sex- and age-matched patients with thyroid cancer, and their spectra indicate that the change in the amount of the glycoforms containing different number of sialic acid (SA) residues from one glycosylation site may be used to differentiate between healthy subjects and cancer cases.     

论证“是否应该停止使用氮肥”社会性科学议题教学——氮及其化合物的复习

“氮及其化合物”复习教学中,通过社会性科学议题“是否应该停止使用氮肥”,在真实复杂的两难问题情境中,使学生基于物质类别和元素价态视角分析、设计氮肥的制备、使用以及减少其对环境影响中涉及的含氮物质的转化,提高学生自主应用氮元素“价-类”二维图综合分析、解决真实问题的能力,促进证据推理与模型认知、科学探究与创新意识、科学态度与社会责任等多维度化学学科核心素养的融合发展。经过多轮教学改进,结合教学效果抽提出以下教学策略：课上课下统筹安排,合理设置任务,提高学生参与议题的兴趣,促使学生全身心投入对议题的探讨;聚焦真实问题解决,将议题的探讨过程与关键能力持续进阶紧密结合并相互促进;让学生经历“做真事、真做事、真反思、真发展”的完整过程。     

血中苯妥英钠和苯巴比妥钠的高效毛细管电泳优化分析

建立了血中的苯妥英钠和苯巴比妥钠的胶束电动毛细管电泳分析方法（ＭＥＫＣ）。以２５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ硼酸钠溶液（ｐＨ＝８．６０）、３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ十二烷基硫酸钠（胶束相）和甲醇３０％（φ）为缓冲液,恒定电压２５ｋＶ（电流３０～３５μＡ）,检测波长２００ｎｍ,毛细管柱长３７ｃｍ。苯妥英钠和苯巴比妥钠两种药物质量浓度的线性范围为１．０～８０ｍｇ／Ｌ,最低检出质量浓度为１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。该法为临床提供了一种高效、快速的血中药物含量定量测定的新手段     

拉曼光谱在文物考古领域的应用态势分析

对截止2015年3月拉曼光谱在文物考古领域应用的文献进行了梳理,分析了国内外拉曼光谱在文物考古领域的应用态势。从SCI/SSCI期刊库及中国知网期刊库及特刊库,检索了涉及拉曼光谱在文物考古领域应用的英文文献992篇,中文文献160篇。采用文献计量学的方法,分析了文章发表的年代分布、期刊分布、研究机构分布以及研究机构之间的合作关系、文章被引频次等状况;比较了国家地区之间研究实力的差异,国内外研究水平的差距。结果表明,进入21世纪以来,国内外拉曼光谱在文物博物馆领域的应用均显著增加,但国内与国外在文章发表数量、被引频次等指标上均尚存在一定差距。文献分析的结果同时也表明,在该领域存在着机构间、国家间等不同层面的广泛合作。以上结果可以为今后国内文物博物馆领域提高拉曼光谱的应用水平提供参考。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)及其联用技术在核工业领域的应用进展

综述了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)及其联用分析技术的进展,论述了其在相关核工业及环境领域中分析痕量或超痕量的放射性同位素、长寿命核素、元素形态等的应用。讨论了电感耦合等离子体质谱及联用技术的发展趋势,并对目前存在的主要问题及可能的解决方案进行了讨论。     

离子排斥色谱法测定生脉注射液中的有机酸

1引言生脉注射液是由红参、麦冬和五味子3种药材经提取后制成的灭菌水溶液,为国家中药保护品种,具有益气养阴,复脉固脱的功效。前期的分析实验表明,生脉注射液中含有有机酸类成分。根据生脉注射液的生产工艺和3种药材的的化学成分研究报道,分析生脉注射液中的有机酸主要来源于五味子。五味子含有柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸等多种有机酸成分。目前,有机酸的分析方法有气相色谱法[1]、高效液相色谱法[2]、毛细管电泳法[3]及离子色谱法[4]。这些方法专属[5]     

无溶剂路线制备分子筛封装的钴基催化剂及其在费托合成制汽油反应中的应用（英文）

自2012年浙江大学肖丰收教授(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2012,134,15173-15176)首次提出无溶剂法合成分子筛以来,该路线已备受关注.无溶剂合成分子筛方法具有废液少、产率高、安全系数高等优点.本文针对合成气经费托路线(FTS)一步法制备富含异构烷烃汽油馏分的研究,通过无溶剂研磨法制备了分子筛封装金属催化剂.一般来说,烷烃异构化催化剂的性能主要取决于分子筛的孔道结构及其酸性,其次是分子筛晶粒大小、结晶度和表面性质等因素.本文对比了三种具有相同拓扑结构的MFI分子筛(Silicalite-1,HZSM-5和NaZSM-5)对汽油和异构烷烃选择性的影响规律.结果显示,在CO转化率(～30%)近似相同的情况下,具有最弱酸性的Silicalite-1封装的Co颗粒表现出最高的汽油选择性(～70%)和异构烷烃选择性(～30.7%).这意味着正构烷烃异构化反应只需要弱酸即可实现,较强的酸性则会使其发生过度裂解反应.Py-IR谱图显示,Silicalite-1在1445 cm^-1附近的L酸是区别于NaZSM-5和HZSM-5的一个重要酸性位,可作为FTS路线制...