Efficient removal for multiple pollutants via Ag2O/BiOBr heterojunction: A promoted photocatalytic process by valid electron transfer pathway

Multiple pollutants including pathogenic microorganism contaminations and emerging organic contaminations (EOCs) have shown a growing threat to the environment, especially the natural waters. However, the control and removal of pathogenic microorganism contaminations and EOCs have been greatly limited since limited knowledge of their environmental behaviors. Thus, a novel and efficient photocatalyst Ag₂O/BiOBr heterojunction was synthesized and used for removal of multiple pollutants including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), tetracycline and acetaminophen under visible light. The results showed that there were valid electron transfer pathways between BiOBr and Ag₂O, the main electron transfer direction was the BiOBr to Ag₂O. Photo-generated electrons were stored in Ag₂O and thus separation efficiency between holes and photo-generated electrons was obviously enhanced. Active oxygen species were highly produced and eventually end up with the high efficiency of removal of multiple pollutants. For Ag₂O/BiOBr with Ag₂O content at 3% (the best performance) under visible light, log decrease of E. coli was 7.16 (removal efficiency was 100%) in 120 min, log decrease of S. aureus was 7.23 (removal efficiency was 100%) in 160 min, C/C₀ of tetracycline was 0.06 in 180 min, C/C₀ of acetaminophen was 0.17 in 180 min. This work could provide a promising candidate in the actual contaminated natural waters for cleaning multiple pollutants.     

Dirac-global fits to calcium elastic scattering data in the range 21-200 MeV

We present a global relativistic optical model for p+⁴⁰Ca consisting of Lorentz scalar and vector potentials parametrized as a function of energy. The shapes chosen are Woods-Saxons for the real potentials, and a linear combination of Woods-Saxons and derivative Woods-Saxons for the imaginary potentials.     

Modal analysis of measurements from a large-scale VIV model test of a riser in linearly sheared flow

Large-scale model testing of a tensioned steel riser in well-defined sheared current was performed at Hanøytangen outside Bergen, Norway in 1997. The length of the model was 90 m and the diameter was 3 cm. The aim of the present work is to look into this information and try to improve the understanding of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) for cases with very high order of responding modes, and in particular to study if and under which circumstances the riser motions would be single-mode or multi-mode. The measurement system consisted of 29 biaxial gauges for bending moment. The signals are processed to yield curvature and displacement and further to identify modes of vibration. A modal approach is used successfully employing a combination of signal filtering and least-squares fitting of precalculated mode-shapes. As a part of the modal analysis, it is demonstrated that the equally spaced instrumentation limited the maximum mode number to be extracted to be equal to the number of instrumentation locations. This imposed a constraint on the analysis of in-line (IL) vibration, which occurs at higher frequencies and involves higher modes than cross-flow (CF). The analysis has shown that in general the riser response was irregular (i.e. broad-banded) and that the degree of irregularity increases with the flow speed. In some tests distinct spectral peaks could be seen, corresponding to a dominating mode. No occurrences of single-mode (lock-in) were seen. The IL response is more broad-banded than the CF response and contains higher frequencies. The average value of the displacement r.m.s over the length of the riser is computed to indicate the magnitude of VIV motion during one test. In the CF direction the average displacement is typically 1/4 of the diameter, almost independent of the flow speed. For the IL direction the values are in the range 0.05–0.08 of the diameter. The peak frequency taken from the spectra of the CF displacement at riser midpoint show approximately to be equal to the Strouhal frequency. The peak frequency in IL direction was typically twice the Strouhal frequency.     

The stress–strain state and disintegration of a meteoroid moving through the atmosphere

The solution of the problem of the stress–strain state of an elastic body of spherical shape when it enters the Earth's atmosphere at a superorbital velocity is obtained in the form of a series in Legendre polynomials, in the case of a viscous gas at hypersonic velocity, in the quasi-stationary formulation. Using the Hubert–von Mises–Hencky criterion the limit stresses corresponding to the start of disintegration are obtained. This enables the nature of the disintegration of the body to be judged and also enables the heights at which destruction of known meteoroids begins to be estimated.     

Fluctuations de temperature et flux de chaleur en aval d'une source linéaire placée dans une couche limite turbulente

The purpose of the present communication is to present and discuss some recent experimental results concerning the dispersion downstream of a heated line source located, in a turbulent boundary layer, successively at two distances from an adiabatic wall. Information on the mean and fluctuating temperature fields and associated heat fluxes are presented and analysed by testing closure assumptions for model dispersion at first and second orders. This model, which only requires the use of temporal velocity scales of the flow, leads to a rather good agreement with measurements.     

STROUHAL NUMBERS OF FLOW-EXCITED ACOUSTIC RESONANCE OF CLOSED SIDE BRANCHES

Flow-excited acoustic resonances of piping systems containing closed side-branches are often encountered in engineering applications. They are excited by the unstable shear layer which separates the mean flow in the main pipe from the stagnant fluid in the branch. The object of this paper is to develop a design chart that can be used to predict the critical flow velocities in the main pipe at which acoustic resonances are initiated. Model tests were carried out on three different configurations of side-branches (single, tandem, and coaxial branches). For each of these pipe configurations, the effects of the diameter ratio, the distance from an upstream elbow and the acoustic damping are investigated in some detail. The test results are implemented into a design chart to predict the flow velocity at the onset of resonance as a function of the system operational and geometric parameters.     

Ψ′ and J/Ψ production in p-W,p-U and S-U interactions at 200 GeV/nucleon

Ψ′ and J/Ψ yields are compared in p-W, p-U and S-U interactions at 200 GeV/nucleon. Their ratio decreases from proton-t to sulphur-induced reactions. It also decreases in sulphur-induced reactions from peripheral to central collisions. This result could indicate that the Ψ′ and J/Ψ suppression mechanisms have different origins in p- and S-induced reactions.     

基于Oda裂隙结构张量的流纹岩各向异性试验研究

岩石内天然存在长度、倾角和形态不同的裂隙,造成岩石的各向异性特征。为揭示岩石内天然随机裂隙发育特征对岩石物理力学特性的影响规律,以泥巴山隧址区采集裂隙性流纹岩为研究对象,首先对试样裂隙进行素描统计分析;然后基于Oda裂隙结构张量,获得天然随机分布裂隙的几何统计参数;最后对裂隙性流纹岩试样分别进行单轴和常规三轴压缩试验,得到不同应力路径下流纹岩的应力-应变曲线及物理力学参数。分析Oda裂隙结构张量定义的各向异性参数与试验获得的力学参数之间的规律,研究结果表明:(1)Oda裂隙结构张量适用于天然随机分布裂隙的几何统计分析,各向异性参数A(F)越大,裂隙优势方向越明显;(2)单轴压缩下,随着各向异性参数I1和A(F)的增大,流纹岩各向异性程度增大,弹性模量减小,泊松比增大;(3)常规三轴压缩下,流纹岩弹性模量和泊松比随各向异性参数改变的规律较不明显,Oda裂隙结构张量不再适用。     

Near field vorticity distributions from a sharp-edged rectangular jet

Experimental results on the near field development of a free rectangular jet with aspect ratio 10 are presented. The jet issues from a sharp-edged orifice attached to a rectangular settling chamber at Re_h ∼ 23,000, based on slot width, h. Measurements on cross plane grids were obtained with a two-component hot wire anemometry probe, which provided information on the three dimensional characteristics of the flow field. Two key features of this type of jet are mean axial velocity profiles presenting two off axis peaks, commonly mentioned as saddleback profiles, and a predominant dumbbell shape as described by, for example, a contour of the axial mean velocity. The saddleback shape is found to be significantly influenced by the vorticity distribution in the transverse plane of the jet, while the dumbbell is traced to two terms in the axial mean vorticity transport equation that diffuse fluid from the centre of the jet towards its periphery. At the farthest location where measurements were taken, 30 slot widths from the jet exit, the flow field resembles that of an axisymmetric jet.