Analysis of Electromagnetic Information Leakage Based on Cryptographic Integrated Circuits

Cryptographic algorithm is the most commonly used method of information security protection for many devices. The secret key of cryptographic algorithm is usually stored in these devices’ registers. In this paper, we propose an electromagnetic information leakage model to investigate the relationship between the electromagnetic leakage signal and the secret key. The registers are considered as electric dipole models to illustrate the source of the electromagnetic leakage. The equivalent circuit of the magnetic field probe is developed to bridge the output voltage and the electromagnetic leakage signal. Combining them, the electromagnetic information leakage model’s function relationship can be established. Besides, an electromagnetic leakage model based on multiple linear regression is proposed to recover the secret key and the model’s effectiveness is evaluated by guess entropy. Near field tests are conducted in an unshielded ordinary indoor environment to investigate the electromagnetic side-channel information leakage. The experiment result shows the correctness of the proposed electromagnetic leakage model and it can be used to recover the secret key of the cryptographic algorithm.     

Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Silicone Rubber Blends Filled With Dough Moulding Compound

Blends of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/methyl-vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) filled with dough molding compound (DMC) were prepared and the effects of various amounts of the SBR, as a compatibilizer of MVQ and DMC, on the mechanical properties and the oxygen index of the DMC filled SBR/MVQ blends were investigated. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and infrared spectrum analysis (IR) of the DMC/SBR/MVQ blends were also investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the DMC filled MVQ blends were improved when SBR was used as a compatibilizer; the best mass ratio was 60 phr (parts per hundred total rubber) DMC, 25 phr SBR and 75 phr MVQ. The volume electric resistivities of the DMC filled SBR/MVQ blends with various DMC mass ratios were all above 5.8?×?10¹² Ω?m; i.e., the electrical insulating property of the blends was excellent. Compared with the blends without DMC and the blends without SBR, the energy storage modulus and the peak area of the loss factor tan δ of the DMC reinforced SBR/MVQ blends were largest; the addition of DMC and SBR improved the thermal properties of the blends.     

Vulcanization and Thermal Properties of Silicone Rubber/Fluorine Rubber Blends

With the rapid development of automobile, aviation, aerospace, machinery and other fields, rubber products used in these fields required to meet higher requirements. Fluorine rubber (FKM) and silicone rubber (MVQ) have excellent performance in some areas. However, the FKM is poor in low-temperature resistance and processing performance, limiting its applicability. Although the MVQ has a wide range of temperature and excellent processing performance, but its mechanical properties and oil resistance are not good. In this work, the MVQ/FKM blends were prepared by two different mechanical blending methods. The effects of the mixing process, mass ratio, curing system and conditions of the blends were studied. The chemical compositions of the blends were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR). The compatibility and the thermal properties of the blends were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results showed that the mechanical properties, compatibility and thermal stability of the blends were the best when they were prepared by kneading the FKM and MVQ individually in a two-rool mill roll, then mixing them together homegeneously with an MVQ/FKM mass ratio of 10/90, curing system of (4 phr, 1/9) dicumyl peroxide (DCP)/N, N-Dicinnamylidene-1, 6-hexanediamine (3^# Vulcanizer), first curing conditions at 170?°C under 10?MPa for 30?min and post curing conditions at 200?°C for 6?hours at 1 atmospheric pressure.     

Reflection of longitudinal displacement wave at the viscoelastically supported boundary of micropolar half-space

The reflection of elastic waves at the boundary of micropolar half-space with the viscoelastic support is studied in this paper. The spring-dashpot model is used to model the viscoelastic support. The boundary condition includes the force stress, couple stress, the displacements and the micro-rotation and the contribution from the spring and the dashpot on them. The amplitude ratios and phase shifts of reflection waves with respect to the incident wave are obtained from the visco-elastic boundary conditions. Further, the energy flux ratios of the reflection waves to the incident wave are estimated and the energy flux conservation with consideration of the energy dissipation of visco-elastic boundary is used to validate the numerical results. Based on the numerical results, the influences of spring and dashpot are studied respectively. It is found that the elastically supported boundary and the viscously supported boundary have evident different influences on the amplitude ratio and the phase shift. The causes resulting in these deviations are related with the instantaneous elasticity of elastic boundary and the time-delay effects of viscous boundary.     

Highly dispersed Mn2O3 microspheres: Facile solvothermal synthesis and their application as Li-ion battery anodes

Nanostructured transition metal oxides are promising alternative anodes for lithium ion batteries. Li-ion storage performance is expected to improve if high packing density energy particles are available. Herein, Mn₂O₃ microspheres with a ca. 18 μm diameter and a tapped density of 1.33 g/cm³ were synthesized by a facile solvothermal–thermal coversion route. Spherical MnCO₃ precursors were obtained through solvothermal treatment and they decomposed and converted into Mn₂O₃ microspheres at an annealing temperature of 700 °C. The Mn₂O₃ microspheres consisted of Mn₂O₃ nanoparticles with an average 40 nm diameter. These porous Mn₂O₃ microspheres allow good electrolyte penetration and provide an ion buffer reservoir to ensure a constant electrolyte supply. The Mn₂O₃ microspheres have reversible capacities of 590 and 320 mAh/g at 50 and 400 mA/g, respectively. We thus report an efficient route for the fabrication of energy particles for advanced energy storage.     

近红外“3R”法双谱自适应去噪

针对近红外透射和吸收双光谱提出一种自适应的去噪方法。同步采集样品的近红外透射谱和吸收谱,在相同分解原则下总体经验模态法分解两组光谱,得到单组分特征模态分量。计算特征模态分量与原透射谱、吸收谱之间相关性,以及两组特征模态分量之间相关性,相关性最小模态分量初判为噪声分量。分析该分量在光谱中点处自相关性,若中点处很大,其他点几乎为零或很小,可以判断该分量为噪声。这种基于模态分量相关性的噪声判别方法称为“3R”法则。剔除噪声分量,重构光谱信号,循环上述分解过程,直到不满足“3R”法则,降噪过程结束。构造理想光谱,叠加噪声,“3R”法降噪效果优于EMD和EEMD低通滤波器,略逊于小波分解。真实光谱实验中,经过上述方法降噪处理过的玉米叶片光谱采用3层BP神经网络建立与叶绿素之间预测模型,“3R”法处理模型具有最大校正相关系数和预测相关系数,最小校正标准差和预测标准差。在四种降噪方法中,“3R”法对光谱谱峰位置和峰高的影响最小。实验表明,“3R”双谱去噪方法无需预设迭代次数,不用考虑分解层数,没有基函数,是自适应的,该方法适合近红外光谱去噪。     

氧化钙和氟化钾负载高岭土固体碱催化制备新型生物柴油

以高岭土为载体,利用浸渍法制备了氧化钙和氟化钾负载高岭土固体碱(GCK);利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和哈密特指示剂法等技术手段对催化剂进行表征;考察了KF负载量和反应条件对月桂酸甲酯(ML)与乙二醇单甲醚(EGME)酯交换反应制备新型生物柴油产率的影响。 结果表明,GCK碱强度(H_)在7.2~18.4之间,KCaF₃为主要活性组分,当氟化钾负载量为25%、EGME与ML摩尔比3.0、催化剂用量相对于ML的质量分数为4.5 %、120 ℃下反应2 h,新型生物柴油的收率高达97.1%。 最后对催化剂的重复利用性能进行了考察。     

Dy(Ⅲ)离子在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的电化学行为及Dy-Ni金属间化合物的选择性制备

采用循环伏安、方波伏安和开路计时电位等电化学方法研究了Dy(Ⅲ)离子在LiCl-KCl 共晶盐中的电化学行为及Dy-Ni 合金形成的电化学机理. 循环伏安和方波伏安法研究表明, Dy(Ⅲ)离子的电化学还原过程为三个电子转移的一步反应. 与惰性W电极相比, Dy(Ⅲ) 离子在Ni 电极上的循环伏安曲线多出了三对氧化还原峰,是由于Dy与Ni 形成了合金化合物, 导致Dy(Ⅲ)离子在活性Ni 电极发生了欠电位沉积. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)附带能量散射谱(EDS)对恒电位(-1.6, -1.8 和-2.0 V)电解制备的Dy-Ni 合金进行分析, 分别获得了DyNi₅, Dy₂Ni₇和DyNi₂金属间化合物. 实验结果表明, 通过控制电位进行恒电位电解可以有选择性地制备不同的金属间化合物.