Performance and Mechanism of Alkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids as Corrosion Inhibitors for Copper in Sulfuric Acid Solution

The addition of corrosion inhibitors is an economic and environmental protection method to prevent the corrosion of copper. The adsorption, performance, and mechanism of three 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM]HSO₄, [HMIM]HSO₄, and [OMIM]HSO₄) ionic liquids (ILs) on the copper surface in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solutions were studied by quantum chemical calculation, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and molecular dynamics simulation. It is found that the main reactive site is located on the imidazolium ring (especially the C2, N4, and N7 groups). When the alkyl chain of the imidazolium ring is increasing, the molecular reactivity of the ILs and the interaction between the ILs inhibitor and copper surface are enhanced. The imidazole ring of the ILs tends to be adsorbed on Cu (111) surface in parallel through physical adsorption. The order of adsorption energy is [Bmim]HSO₄ < [Hmim]HSO₄ < [OMIM]HSO₄, which is in agreement with the experimental order of corrosion efficiency. On the imidazole ring, the interaction between the copper surface and the C atom is greater than that between the copper surface and the N atom. It is found that ILs addition can hinder the diffusion of corrosion particles, reduce the number density of corrosion particles and slow down the corrosion rate. The order of inhibition ability of three ILs is [Bmim]HSO₄ < [Hmim]HSO₄ < [OMIM]HSO₄,which agree well with experimental results. A reliable QSAR correlation between the inhibition corrosion efficiency and molecular reactivity parameters of the ILs was established.     

[H4AsW18O62]7−, A novel Dawson heteropolyanion and two of its sandwich-type derivatives [Zn4(H2O)2(H4AsW15O56)2]18−, [Cu4(H2O)2(H4AsW15O56)2]18−: cyclic voltammetry and electrocatalytic properties towards nitrite and nitrate

The cyclic voltammetry behaviours of the new Dawson heteropolyanion (HPA) octadecatungstomonoarsenate [H₄AsW₁₈O₆₂]⁷⁻ were studied as a function of pH. The electrochemistry of the fully symmetrical octadecatungstodiarsenate [As₂W₁₈O₆₂]⁶⁻ in a pH 0.3 medium is constituted mainly by four reduction steps, the first two featuring reversible one-electron processes. The comparison of the cyclic voltammetry behaviours of two complexes reveals, interestingly, that the merging of the first two waves of the monoarsenate occurs in a less acidic pH medium than for the diarsenate. The voltammograms of the two corresponding trivacant species, [H₄AsW₁₅□₃O₅₆]¹³⁻ and [As₂W₁₅□₃O₅₆]¹²⁻, in which the symbol □ represents the vacancy, were also studied and compared. The comparison was extended to the Zn- and Cu-sandwich-type derivatives, with particular emphasis on the compounds of the monoarsenate series, [Zn₄(H₂O)₂(H₄AsW₁₅O₅₆)₂]¹⁸⁻ and [Cu₄(H₂O)₂(H₄AsW₁₅O₅₆)₂]¹⁸⁻. All these species prove efficient in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite, but only copper-substituted derivatives are active for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate. To our knowledge, this observation constitutes the first example of electrocatalysis of nitrate reduction by a sandwich complex of the polyoxometalate family.     

The thermodynamics of formation,molar heat capacity,and thermodynamic functions ofZrTiO4(cr)

As part of an ongoing study of titanate-based ceramic materials for the disposal of surplus weapons-grade plutonium, we report thermodynamic properties of a sample ofzirconium titanate (ZrTiO₄) quenched from a high-temperature synthesis. The standard enthalpy of formationΔ_fH_m^o was obtained by using high-temperature oxide-melt solution calorimetry. The molar heat capacity C_{p, m}was measured fromT =  13 K to T =  400 K in an adiabatic calorimeter and extrapolated toT =  1800 K by using an equation fitted to the low-temperature results. The results atT =  298.15 K areΔ_fH_m^o =  − (2024.1  ±  4.5)kJ · mol ^− 1,Δ₀^TS_m^o =  (116.71  ±  0.31 )J · K ^− 1· mol ^− 1, andΔ_fG_m^o =  − (1915.8  ±  4.5 )kJ · mol ^− 1; the molar entropy includes a contribution of 2 R ln2 to account for the random mixing of Zr^4 + and Ti^4 + on a four-fold crystallographic site. Values for the standard molar Gibbs energies and enthalpies of formation of ZrTiO_4,Δ_fG_m^oandΔ_fH_m^o , and for the free energies and enthalpies for the reaction to form ZrTiO₄(cr) from ZrO₂(cr) and TiO₂(cr), are tabulated over the temperature interval, 0 ⩽(T / K)⩽ 1800. From these results, we conclude that ZrTiO₄is not stable with respect to (ZrO₂ +  TiO₂) at T =  298.15 K, but becomes so at T =  (1250  ±  150) K.     

Bifurcation of periodic solution in a three-unit neural network with delay

1. IntroductionDynamical characteristics of neural networks have become recelltly a subject of intenseresearch activity. J. B6lair and S. Dufou.[1] investigated a system of neural networks introduced by Hopfield[2]. Especially' they studied the three-uult network system with noself connectiondxi(t) 3dt = --xi(t) Z Ti,f; (x;(t -- T)), i = 1, 2, 3, (l)J = 1where f;(0) = 0, j = 1, 2, 3 and T, = 0, i = 1, 2, 3, give the stability properties of the nullsolution. [2] discussed the lineaJr stab…     

Geodesic Structure of a Non-linear Magnetic Charged Black Hole Surrounded by Quintessence

This paper aims to investigate the geodesic motion in the spacetime of a non-linear magnetic charged black hole surrounded by quintessence. By varying the Lagrangian corresponding to the metric, the orbital motion equation has been obtained. The effects of the magnetic charge $Q$, positive normalization factor $C$, angular momentum $b$, and energy $E$ on time-like and null geodesic motion are discussed from three aspects: orbital stability, orbital types, and circular orbits. By comparing the effects of the above parameters $C$, $b$ on the effective potential, it is found that quintessence has an impact on the types and stability of orbits. In addition, for time-like orbital motion, when $3.443113\leq b\leq6.392\,578$ (for fixed $C=0.0002$, $M = 1$, $Q=0.7$), there are bound orbits, and within this range, the stable circular orbits exist, and the radii of the innermost and outermost stable circular orbit are $r=5.912\,654$ and $r=56.745\,933$, respectively. For null orbital motion, the orbital types have only unstable circular orbit which occur at $r=2.951\,072$ ($E^{2}=E_{2}^{2}=0.4$), absorb orbits and escape orbits, but no stable circular orbits, and bound orbits.     

Tb掺杂的硅铝酸盐的拉曼光谱及其荧光光谱研究

采用高温固相法制备不同浓度Tb元素掺杂的硅铝酸盐荧光材料。当烧结温度为1 350 ℃时其荧光强度达到最大值。通过X射线衍射图谱可知体系中基质材料为CaAl₂Si₂O₈,Tb元素以Ca₂Tb₈(SiO₄)₆O₂相存在。通过拉曼光谱分析可知,870 cm-1处振动峰与Ca₂Tb₈(SiO₄)₆O₂中Tb与硅氧四面体的伸缩振动相关;Tb原子与硅氧四面体之间的弯曲振动产生408 cm-1振动峰。随着Tb掺杂量的增加,拉曼振动峰强度,荧光分光光度计测得的荧光光谱以及拉曼光谱仪测得的光致发光光谱的峰强均呈现先增后减的变化规律。该体系中Tb元素与硅氧四面体匹配数量逐渐增加,当Tb掺杂量超过一定极限值时,体系内发生浓度猝灭,导致荧光性能下降。采用325 nm激光作为激发光源,用拉曼光谱仪的光致发光测量模式产生的峰形与传统荧光分光光度计的光谱曲线一致,但其光谱分辨率明显高于传统荧光分光光度计获得的光谱,有助于对细微能级跃迁现象加以区分。     

镁热还原法制备有序介孔Si/C锂离子电池负极材料及其电化学性能

以SBA-15为前驱体,在660 ℃下通过镁热还原反应得到介孔硅材料,并对其进行碳包覆处理,成功地制备了有序介孔Si/C（OMP-Si/C）复合材料。该OMP-Si/C材料保留了SBA-15模板的有序蜂窝孔道,并且形成具有高堆积密度的莲藕链束结构。文中还提出了一个SBA-15镁热还原液态环境反应模型,探讨了660 ℃下硅的高度有序介孔与莲藕链束结构的形成机理。利用X射线衍射（XRD）仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、氮气吸脱附法及拉曼光谱对样品物相和微观形貌进行了表征。这种高度有序介孔Si/C复合材料具有优异的电化学性能,展现出其在第二代锂电池负极材料领域中的潜在应用价值。     

一维应力预加载下红砂岩冲击力学特性试验研究

为研究高地应力下再受动力扰动的岩石力学特性,利用改进的岩石动静组合加载SHPB试验装置,对红砂岩进行一维预应力状态下岩石的冲击力学特性试验。选取4个轴压水平,进行不同应变率下的动加载试验。研究结果表明:不同应变率下,岩样在破坏阶段出现"峰后塑性"、"应力跌落"、"应变回弹"三种类型,岩样的割线模量随轴压的增大先增大后减小;相同轴压下,岩样的动态抗压强度和单位体积吸收能随着应变率的增大而增大,分别呈现出指数函数关系和线性关系;相同应变率下,岩样的动态抗压强度和单位体积吸收能随着轴压的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势;无轴压条件下,岩样为拉伸破坏模式,有轴压条件下,岩样为剪切破坏模式。     

Effect of inertia mass on the stochastic resonance driven by a multiplicative dichotomous noise

A stochastic system driven by dichotomous noise and periodic signal is investigated in the under-damped case.The exact expressions of output signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of the system are derived.Numerical results indicate that the inertial mass greatly affects the output signal amplitude and the SNR.Regardless of whether the noise is symmetric or asymmetric,the inertial mass can influence the phenomenon of stochastic resonance(SR) of the system,leading to two types of resonance phenomenon:one is coherence-resonance-like of the SNR with inertial mass,the other is the SR of the SNR with noise intensity.     

Effect of unequal injection rates on asymmetric exclusion processes with junction

In this paper, we investigate the effect of unequal injection rates on totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes (TASEPs) with a 2-input 1-output junction and parallel update. A mean-field approach is developed to deal with the junction that connects two sub-chains and the single main chain. We obtain the stationary particle currents, density profiles and phase diagrams. Interestingly, we find that the number of stationary-state phases is changeable depending on the value of α₁ (α₁ is the injection rate on the first sub-chain). When α₁ > 1/3, there are seven stationary-state phases in the system, however when α₁< 1/3, only six stationary-state phases exist in the system. The theoretical calculations are shown to be in agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.