Use of interphase catalysis in the synthesis of 2-acyl-4-oxopyrazino[2,1-α]isoquinolines and 4-acyl-2-piperazinones

2-Acetyl-4-oxopyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolines and 4-acyl-2-piperazinones have been synthesized, with interphase catalysis, by the intramolecular N-alkylation of the corresponding diamides.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1107–1109, August, 1991.     

Optical constants of lead telluride films in the range 5–11 μm

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 103–107, January, 1991.     

Algebraic Bethe Ansatz for SO(N)-invariant transfer matrices

A matrix version of an algebraic Bethe Ansatz is proposed for R-matrices of a special structure. It is shown that SO(N)-invariant R-matrices in spinor representation possess this special structure. Eigenvalues of transfer matrices corresponding to these R-matrices are computed.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 169, pp. 122–140, 1988.     

In situ transmission electron microscopy study of the nucleation and grain growth of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films

The nucleation and grain growth of the Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST) thin films were studied using high voltage electron microscope operated at 1250 kV. As a result, we have found that 2 nm-sized nucleus forms as a cluster which atoms are arranged regularly at the stage of nucleation prior to the formation of grains having crystal structure. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study and fast-Fourier transformations revealed that coexistence of face-centered-cubic (FCC) and hexagonal structure occurs, and formation of twin defect is found in the hexagonal structure during the grain growth as the annealing temperature is increased. GST grain having the hexagonal structure grow from the surface, and the growth proceeded perpendicular to the [0 0 0 1], namely the path parallel to the (0 0 0 1) plane. Consequently, grain growth to a large-scale result in a lengthened shape.     

Retrieval of the vertical distribution of chemical components in the mesosphere from simultaneous measurements of ozone and hydroxyl distributions

We propose a method for retrieval of directly unmeasurable concentrations of minor gas constituents of the mesosphere from available experimental data using simplified models of atmospheric photochemical systems. The method is used for processing of the results of simultaneous measurements of ozone and hydroxyl concentrations within the framework of the CRISTA-MAHRSI satellite experiments. As a result, vertical distributions of concentrations of three more key chemical components of the mesosphere, namely, atomic oxygen, atomic hydrogen, and hydroperoxide, were retrieved. It is shown that a limiting altitude-dependent ratio between OH and O₃ concentrations is valid in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. It is found that CRISTA-MAHRSI data satisfy this ratio up to an altitude of 87 km, but a strong discrepancy between theory and experiment arises in the upper region. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 760–769, September 2006.     

On the effect of longitude-dependent fields on convection in stellar atmospheres

In rotating stellar convective zones, heat transfer is shown to be associated with unbalanced azimuth forces arising in the radially ascending (heated) or descending (cold) matter. The presence of a longitude-dependent magnetic field generates additional azimuth forces, hence, new ways of compensating for the unbalanced forces. Generally speaking, this magnetic field is variable but may be nearly static in layers where convective equilibrium is replaced by radiative equilibrium. The condition for the coexistence of the static and usual fields is derived. To this end, an axisymmetric azimuth magnetic field of energy comparable to the energy of rotation should be introduced into models under consideration. In such configurations, conditions for magnetic field generation, as in the Sun, may appear.     

Effects of pH and citric acid contents on characteristics of ester-derived BaFe12O19 powder

The single domain size of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ powder with crystallite sizes less than 200 nm was produced using a citric acid precursor method. Fe³⁺ and Ba²⁺, in a molar ratio of 12, were chelated by COOH⁻ in an aqueous solution. After ethylene glycol additions, esterification, dehydration, and calcination led to the formation of ester-derived BaFe₁₂O₁₉ powder. High pH and/or high citric acid contents in the starting solution are required to complete chelate metallic ions in the solution and to form pure barium ferrite powder at 1073 K. Pure single magnetic domain BaFe₁₂O₁₉ particles of M(30 kOe)≈54 emu/g, M_r≈28 emu/g, and H_c≈3.7 kOe were produced using [citric acid]/[metallic ions]=1.5 and pH7.