Quantitation of PCR Products by Capillary Electrophoresis in a Single Run

IntroductionItisnecessarytoevaluatetheamountofDNAfragmentinsuchcasesasgeneexpressioninvestigati0n.HybridizationwithradioactivitytaggedoligonucleotidesfollowedbyphotograPhyanddensitometricscanisoftenemployedtomeettheneedsofsuchrequirementS,whichislaborintensive,timec0nsumingandunautomated-CaPillaryelectrophoresis(CE)tendst0beastrongtoolintheanalysis0fDNAfragmentSwiththeadvantagesofhighsensitivity,highres0luti0nandautomation.QuantitativeanalysisofDNAfragmentshasbeendonebysomeauthorsusingC…     

C-藻蓝蛋白的电致发光

藻胆蛋白(phycobiliProteins)是藻类光合作用过程中最重要的拍光色素之一,它具有吸收太阳光能并将其高效地(几乎100%)转移到光合反应中心的功能[1].它在可见光区的吸收光谱主要归因于与脱辅基蛋白共价相连的线性四吡咯发色团[2].     

Ag离子注入非晶SiO2的光学吸收、拉曼谱和透射电镜研究

能量为200keV的Ag离子，以1×10¹⁶，5×10¹⁶，1×10¹⁷ cm^-2的剂量分别注入到非晶SiO₂玻璃，光学吸收谱显示：注入剂量为1×10¹⁶ cm^-2的样品的光吸收谱为洛伦兹曲线，与Mie理论模拟的曲线形状一致；注入剂量较大的5×10¹⁶，1×10¹⁷ cm^-2的谱线共振吸收增强，峰位红移并出现伴峰. 透射电镜观察分析表明，注入剂量不同的样品中形成的纳米颗粒的大小、形状、分布都不同，注入剂量较大的还会产生明显的表面溅射效应，这些因素都会影响共振吸收的峰形、峰位和峰强. 当注入剂量达到1×10¹⁷ cm^-2时，Ag纳米颗粒内部可能还形成了杂质团簇. 关键词： 离子注入 纳米颗粒 共振吸收 红移     

The characterization of binary constant weight codes meeting the bound of Fu and Shen

Fu and Shen gave an upper bound on binary constant weight codes. In this paper, we present a new proof for the bound of Fu and Shen and characterize binary constant weight codes meeting this bound. It is shown that binary constant weight codes meet the bound of Fu and Shen if and only if they are generated from certain symmetric designs and quasi-symmetric designs in combinatorial design theory. In particular, it turns out that the existence of binary codes with even length meeting the Grey–Rankin bound is equivalent to the existence of certain binary constant weight codes meeting the bound of Fu and Shen. Furthermore, some examples are listed to illustrate these results. Finally, we obtain a new upper bound on binary constant weight codes which improves on the bound of Fu and Shen in certain case. This research is supported in part by the DSTA research grant R-394-000-025-422 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Grant 60402031, and the NSFC-GDSF joint fund under the Grant U0675001     

卤代苯和苯酚衍生物的位电荷密度能和log K_(ow)与-lg LC_(50)的QSAR研究

以简易的量子化学方法计算了二十多种卤代苯和苯酚衍生物的FMO位电荷密度能 ,并进行定量结构—活性相关 (quantitativestructurebiodegradability)研究 ,获得满意的结果 .最后从生物酶促反应本质、污染物 -生物酶的轨道控制反应角度对QSAR提出新的解释     

Ductile–brittle‐transition phenomenon in polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber blends obtained by dynamic packing injection molding: A new understanding of the rubber‐toughening mechanism

For a more complete understanding of the toughening mechanism of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) blends, dynamic packing injection molding was used to control the phase morphology and rubber particle orientation in the matrix. The relative impact strength of the blends increased at low EPDM contents, and then a definite ductile–brittle (D–B) transition was observed when the EPDM content reached 25 wt %, at which point blends should fail in the ductile mode with conventional molding. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the shear‐induced crystal structure, morphology, orientation, and phase separation of the blends. WAXD results showed that the observed D–B transition took place mainly for a constant crystal structure (α form). Also, no remarkable changes in the crystallinity and melting point of PP were observed by DSC. The highly oriented and elongated rubber particles were seen via SEM at high EPDM contents. Our results suggest that Wu's criterion is no longer valid when dispersed rubber particles are elongated and oriented. The possible fracture mechanism is discussed on the basis of the stress concentration in a filler‐dispersed matrix. It can be concluded that not only the interparticle distance but also the stress fields around individual particles play an important role in polymer toughening. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2086–2097, 2002     

Crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of metallocene short‐chain branched polyethylene fractions

Metallocene polyethylene (mPE) fractions are recognized as being more homogeneous with respect to short‐chain branch (SCB) distribution as compared with unfractionated mPEs. Differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy (POM) were used to study the influences of SCB content on the crystallization kinetics, melting behavior, and crystal morphology of four butyl‐branched mPE fractions. The parent mPE of the studied fractions was also investigated for comparative purposes. mPE fractions showed a much simpler crystallization behavior as compared with their parent mPE during the cooling experiments. The Ozawa equation was successfully used to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the fractions. The Ozawa exponent n decreased from about 3.5 to 2 as the temperature declined for each fraction, indicating the crystal‐growth geometry changed from three‐dimensional to two‐dimensional. For isothermal crystallization, the fraction with a lesser SCB content exhibited a higher crystallization temperature (T_c) window. The results from the Avrami equation analysis showed the exponent n values were around 3 (with minor variation), which implied that the crystal‐growth geometry is pseudo‐three‐dimensional. Both of the activation energies for nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization were determined for each fraction with Kissinger and Arrhenius‐type equations, respectively. Double melting peaks were observed for both nonisothermally or isothermally crystallized specimens. The high‐melting peak was confirmed induced via the annealing effect during heating scans. The Hoffman–Weeks plot was inapplicable in obtaining the equilibrium melting temperature (T_m°) for each fraction. The relationship between T_c and T_m for the fractions is approximately T_m = T_c (°C) + 8.3. The POM results indicated that the crystals of parent or fractions formed under cooling conditions did not exhibit the typical spherulitic morphology as a result of the high SCB content. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 325–337, 2002     

Combustion and microexplosion of collision-merged methanol/alkane droplets

The combustion characteristics of freely falling droplets, individually generated by the merging of colliding methanol and alkane droplets, were investigated and compared with those for pure methanol and alkanes. The merging of the nominally immiscible methanol and alkanes was manifested in an apparently adhesive, but unmixed, manner in all test conditions. An air bubble was found to be trapped at the colliding interfaces where they were “adhered,” with the trapping favored for head-on or near head-on collision orientations. The trapped air bubble ostensibly induced heterogeneous nucleation of the methanol, being facilitated by the relatively low limit of superheat of methanol. Consequently, the droplet exploded almost immediately upon ignition, leading to an extremely short overall lifetime. For collision orientations that were more off-centered, bubble trapping and thereby heterogeneous nucleation were not favored. However, delayed, albeit strong, microexplosion occurred through homogeneous nucleation of methanol at the contacting interface. The global burning rate was therefore again augmented. In general, microexplosion was facilitated for high-boiling-point alkanes such as hexadecane and tetradecane. The co-vaporization of methanol and alkane from their respective hemispherical segments constituting the adhered droplet also led to flame colors that were more bluish than yellowish, indicating the reduction of soot from alkane burning in the presence of methanol vapor. In light of the difficulty of forming stable methanol/oil emulsions, the potential of separate injection of oil and methanol in opposed jet arrangement, in direct-injection engines to facilitate collision, is suggested.     

A New Isopropenyl Benzofuran-type Tetramer from Ligularia stenocephala

A new isopropenyl benzofuran-type tetramer was isolated from the roots of ligularia stenocephala and its structure was established by spectroscopic methods.     

Total internal reflection–refraction beam expander

Beam expanders being used presently have complex structure and none is perfect. A novel beam expander is proposed first. The beam expander can magnify (or decrease) the diameter of incident laser beam according to the theory of total internal reflection–refraction (TIR-R) principle. The characteristic of the beam expander was studied by using ray-tracing method and computer simulation. The beam expander can propagate a parallel laser beam along the propagation axis and would not change the propagation direction of the beam. For a nonparallel beam the Lagrange invariant (the product of diameter and divergence angle) is not constant. This beam expander would be an effective device in some applications.