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101.
T Matsuno K Maruyama J Tsutsui 《Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences》2012,88(7):368-384
The concept of "stabilization" of atmospheric CO2 concentration is re-examined in connection with climate-change mitigation strategies. A new "zero-emissions stabilization (Z-stabilization)" is proposed, where CO2 emissions are reduced to zero at some time and thereafter the concentration is decreased by natural removal processes, eventually reaching an equilibrated stable state. Simplified climate experiments show that, under Z-stabilization, considerably larger emissions are permissible in the near future compared with traditional stabilization, with the same constraint on temperature rise. Over longer time scales, the concentration and temperature decrease close to their equilibrium values, much lower than those under traditional stabilization. The smaller temperature rise at final state is essential to avoid longer-term risk of sea level rise, a significant concern under traditional stabilization. Because of these advantages a Z-stabilization pathway can be a candidate of practical mitigation strategies as treated in Part 2.(Contributed by Taroh MATSUNO, M.J.A.). 相似文献
102.
We derive some rigorous results on the chiral phase transition in QCD and QCD-like theories with a large number of colors, N(c), based on the QCD inequalities and the large-N(c) orbifold equivalence. We show that critical phenomena and associated soft modes are forbidden in flavor-symmetric QCD at finite temperature T and finite but not so large quark chemical potential μ for any nonzero quark mass. In particular, the critical point in QCD at a finite baryon chemical potential μ(B)=N(c)μ is ruled out, if the coordinate (T, μ) is outside the pion condensed phase in the corresponding phase diagram of QCD at a finite isospin chemical potential μ(I)=2μ. 相似文献
103.
We carried out an experimental and numerical investigation of photoinduced voltage at normal incidence in the nondiffraction regime, which was not predicted to occur by the simple momentum conservation model. We prepared two samples: one having space inversion symmetry and the other without this feature. At normal incidence in the nondiffraction regime, we observed a finite signal only for the asymmetric structure. We found that surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are excited by the signal and are attributed to the origin of the voltage. We also evaluated the radiation force of light by using the Maxwell stress tensor and found that pressure of light and not shear force is mainly induced in the structure due to the asymmetric excitation of SPPs. 相似文献
104.
Gen Tanaka Ikuhiko Nakase Yasunori Fukuda Ryo Masuda Shinya Oishi Kazuya Shimura Yoshimasa Kawaguchi Tomoka Takatani-Nakase Ülo Langel Astrid Gräslund Katsuya Okawa Masao Matsuoka Nobutaka Fujii Yasumaru Hatanaka Shiroh Futaki 《Chemistry & biology》2012,19(11):1437-1446
Highlights? CXCR4 was identified as a receptor to stimulate cellular uptake of R12 peptide ? Interaction with R12 stimulates internalization of CXCR4 via macropinocytosis ? SDF-1α and HIV-1 gp120 protein also induce macropinocytosis ? Macropinocytic uptake of HIV-1 diminished the infection of host cells 相似文献
105.
106.
Dr. Yoshimasa Taniguchi Rie Matsumoto Dr. Tomoyuki Kadota 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(68):15799-15803
The crystalline sponge (CS) method allows structural elucidation of a target compound (guest) in solution by single crystal X-ray diffraction through trapping the guest into the CS framework. In principle, the CS method is inapplicable to reactive compounds that break the CS framework, such as acidic, basic, or nucleophilic ones. Here, a solution to this problem is disclosed wherein an ion pair of the guest compound is formed during the guest-soaking step by adding a suitable reagent. The ion pair can be observed and does not damage the CS framework. Using the developed method, amino, guanidino, and amidino compounds have been successfully analyzed as ion pairs with sulfonic acids. Practical utility has been shown because the absolute configurations of optically resolved amine derivatives were revealed with only a few micrograms. This demonstrates that the ion-pair-soaking method is simple and expands the range of compounds applicable to the CS method. 相似文献
107.
108.
Yoshinori Shiobara Tomoko Iwata Mitsuaki Kodama Yoshinori Asakawa Tsunematsu Takemoto Yoshimasa Fukazawa 《Tetrahedron letters》1985,26(7):913-916
Dehydrocurdione, a sesquiterpene isolated from , was converted to curcumenol, isocurcumenol or new spirolactones in a highly selective manner and their absolute configurations were determined. 相似文献
109.
Motomasa Kobayashi Nobuyoshi Shimizu Isao Kitagawa Yoshimasa Kyogoku Nobuyuki Harada Hisashi Uda 《Tetrahedron letters》1985,26(32):3833-3836
The absolute stereostructures of two pentacyclic hydroquinones, halenaguinol () and halenaquinol sulfate () from the Okinawan marine sponge Xestospongia sapra, have been determined by means of theoretical calculation of CD spectra. 相似文献
110.
In order to observe the propagation of a conducting zone of a polyaniline film in response to anodic switching, propagation perpendicular to the film surface was simulated by propagation along the film by mounting the film on an insulated plate. A polyaniline film electrochemically deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was reinforced by casting polymethylmethacrylate solution on the film. It was peeled off the ITO, chemically reduced and then potentiostatically oxidized at one end in 1 mol dm−3 H2SO4 solution. Dynamic growth of the conducting zone was observed through an optical microscope. A well-defined boundary between the conducting zone and the insulating zone was seen. The contrast of the boundary did not vary with the electrolysis time, the growth length or the applied potential. The growth rate decreased slightly with the electrolysis time as a result of IR drop across the film. A differential equation for growth rate involving the effect of the IR drop was presented and solved to give more accurate values of the rate. The logarithmic growth ratio exhibited a linear relation with the applied potential, indicating a charge-transfer rate of the Tafel type. The anodic transfer coefficient was 0.2 and the rate constant was 5 × 10−5 m s−1. The propagation on a molecular scale was discussed on the basis of the experimental results. 相似文献