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991.
In this paper, we combine variable cell shape method with dynamic self-consistent field theory and extend to study structure and dynamics under shear for triblock copolymer melts. Due to shear, the calculation cell shape is variable and no longer orthogonal. Pseudospectral method is employed to solve the diffusion equation for chain propagator on the nonorthogonal coordinate and the shear periodical condition can be easily designed in terms of the variable cell shape method. By using this strategy, the shear induced morphology evolution is investigated for topologically complex polymeric systems such as linear and star triblock copolymers; the morphology of linear ABC triblock copolymers is more shear sensitive than that of star triblocks. In particular, once the chain propagator is obtained, the microscopic elastic stress and spatial stress distribution can be derived and thus the dynamic mechanical property can be calculated under shear. By imitating the dynamic storage modulus G' corresponding to any given morphology in the oscillatory shear measurements, we explore the relationship between the morphology and the storage modulus G' and extend to study the mechanism of phase separation dynamics as well as order-disorder transition (ODT) for linear and star triblock copolymers. The results show that the chain architecture can be easily distinguished by investigating the ODT, though the systems such as AB symmetric diblock and ABA triblock copolymers by coupling AB precursors almost exhibit similar microstructures. In addition, the storage modulus G' and loss modulus G" can be simultaneously determined in frequency sweeps of oscillatory shear measurements and the dependence of the moduli on phase separated patterns and the chain topology is investigated. The simulation findings are in qualitatively agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
992.
Wang Z Wan H Liu B Zhao X Li X Zhu H Xu X Ji F Sun K Dong L Chen Y 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2008,320(2):520-526
XRD, BET, TPR, UV-vis DRS and in situ FT-IR were employed to investigate the dispersion, reduction and CO(2)-adsorption behaviors of copper oxide supported on magnesia modified gamma-Al(2)O(3) (Mg-Al) samples. The results indicate that magnesia could be highly dispersed on the surface of gamma-Al(2)O(3) to form a monolayer and the dispersion capacity is about 1.55 mmol/(100 m(2)gamma-Al(2)O(3)). For copper oxide supported on Mg-Al samples, both the dispersion capacity and the reduction temperature of surface CuO decrease with the MgO loading. CO(2)-adsorption IR results show that the surface strong basic amount for the catalysts increases with the dispersed MgO loading. In addition, the activity of CO oxidation suggests that the main active species in this system should be small CuO cluster and the existence of dispersed MgO enhances the activity of CO oxidation. The catalysts might be applied in pollution control devices for vehicle exhaust, CO gas sensors, catalytic combustion and gas purification of CO(2) lasers. All the results have been discussed by the consideration of the variation of gamma-Al(2)O(3) surface structure before and after magnesia modification. 相似文献
993.
A novel headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) using a glass bar coated with carbowax (polyethylene glycol)-polydimethylsiloxane-poly(vinyl alcohol) (CW/PDMS/PVA) prepared by sol-gel technology method was proposed for the determination of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSs) in water. After the extraction, the sorptive bar was desorbed with 60 microL of ethanol and 30 microL of the extract was analysed by large volume injection (LVI) into a gas chromatography-flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). The parameters affecting the headspace sorptive extraction of VOSs such as extraction and desorption time, extraction temperature, stirring speed, desorption solvent, headspace phase ratio, salt and pH were carefully investigated and the optimized experimental conditions were established. The limits of detection (LODs) for the studied VOSs ranged from 0.04 to 4.8 microg/L with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 4.5 to 10.2% (n=6). The reproducibility for the preparation of CW/PDMS/PVA-coated sorptive bar ranged from 3.2 to 9.2% in one batch, and from 2.8 to 18.5% in batch-to-batch, and more than 50 extractions can be achieved without apparent loss. The proposed method was compared with polydimethylsiloxane-HSSE and carboxen/PDMS-headspace-solid phase microextraction (CAR/PDMS-HS-SPME) under their optimum conditions, CW/PDMS/PVA-HSSE shows the highest adsorption capacity (larger surface area and more active sites), the highest sensitivity (about 10 times) and the best polarity matching for VOSs. 相似文献
994.
A flexible and convenient approach was developed for the synthesis of 10-deoxymethynolide (1) and narbonolide (2), which are aglycones of the methymycin and the pikromycin families of macrolide antibiotics. These lactones are produced by pikromycin polyketide synthase from Streptomyces venezuelae. Polyketide lactones, 10-deoxymethynolide and narbonolide, which contain 12- and 14-membered rings, respectively, were synthesized efficiently. These target lactones were retrosynthetically divided into three parts and assembled by using an asymmetric aldol reaction, the Yamaguchi esterification, and ring-closing metathesis. The ring-closing metathesis reaction catalyzed by the second-generation Grubbs catalyst is particularly efficient in preparing these macrocyclic polyketide lactones. 相似文献
995.
996.
A novel scheme for generation of an optical frequency comb (OFC) based on the chirping of two cascaded modulators is proposed. The first modulator is a dual-electrode Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM), while the other modulator is an integrated MZM composed of two parallel MZMs that increases the number of comb lines. Our modified scheme can generate a large number of frequency lines with excellent flatness by simply modifying the chirp factor, and it is shown that up to 54 frequency lines could be observed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that under the variety of conditions that can be used in this scheme, the power fluctuations of the OFC lines are less than 0.5 dB in all cases; these results demonstrate the robustness of our scheme and verify its good accuracy and high stability with perfect flatness. Additionally, our modified scheme has the merit of tunable frequency spacing, which is practical for experimental realization of the OFC. 相似文献
997.
水体的散射效应、激光光斑、成像器件的非理想化等因素使得图像出现大量无规律粒状噪声,它们增加了水下距离选通图像的背景噪声,模糊了目标轮廓,掩盖了目标细节,降低了图像的信噪比。针对上述问题本文提出了一种基于梯度和小波变换的去噪方法。首先对图像进行余弦小波变换,得到不同频率空间的图像集。低频空间引入新的图像梯度强化方法以提高图像的纹理信息量;对应非均匀性条带的LH或HL空间做曲面拟合处理以消除非均匀性条带的影响;在HH空间去噪过程中,低层空间做非局部均值处理以保留图像相似信息,高层空间做分数阶积分处理以保留图像细节信息。最后小波逆变换得到结果图像。从实验水槽中采集水下图像进行算法验证,将改进方法与已有算法比对分析。实验表明,本文所研究的水下去噪算法,能够平滑噪声且更大限度地保留图像细节纹理,在客观评价指标上提升了6%。 相似文献
998.
999.
Let Γ be a graph endowed with a reversible Markov kernel p, whose associated operator P is defined by \(Pf(x) = {\sum }_{y} p(x, y)f(y)\). We assume that the kernels pn(x, y) associated to Pn satisfy Gaussian upper bounds but do not assume they satisfy the Hölder continuity property and the temporal regularity. Denote by L = I ? P the discrete Laplacian on Γ. This article shows the weighted weak type (1, 1) estimates and the weighted Lp norm inequalities for the spectral multipliers of L. We also obtain the weighted Lp norm inequalities for the commutators of the spectral multipliers of L with BMO functions which are new even for the unweighted case. 相似文献
1000.
We propose a voltage-tunable hyperbolic dispersion metamaterial (HDM) consisting of silver nanowires and nematic liquid crystals (NLCs). The metamaterial shows a novel electro-optic effect, in which the dispersion relation switches between elliptic and hyperbolic dispersions at the visible waveband with an external electric field. HDM functionality is analysed in detail based on the effective medium theory. 5CB NLC is chosen for the simulation, and tunability is achieved between 454 and 475 nm. The effects of filling ratio on tunability are also analysed. Tunable bandwidth widens from 21 to 45 nm with decreased filling ratio from 0.27 to 0.09. Finally, the effects of birefringence (Δn) are considered. Tunable bandwidth widens from 21 to 63 nm as Δn changes from 0.2 to 0.6. These novel tunable performances of the HDM can be applied to optical devices and optical systems. 相似文献