Lifting-line theory of swept wings based on the full potential theory

The asymptotic theory of high-aspect-ratio transonic swept wings of Refs. [2–5] is extended to irrotational compressible flows based on equations of the full-potential theory. The formulation allows for imbedded supercritical flows with shocks; the results are applicable to oblique wings, swept-back as well as swept-forward wings, but restricted to planforms with centerlines composed of straight segments. The free-stream velocity is assumed to remain below the sonic speed. For a wing geometry generated from a single airfoil shape, the reduced system of 2-D equations admits solutions with similarity structures, permitting the problem to be solved only once for all span stations. The application of the theory is expected to lead to a substantial improvement over the earlier analysis of transonic swept wings based on the small-disturbance theory, concerning the accurate determination of inviscid drag and lift. The study provides also a basis for examining the influence of the trailing vortex sheet geometry, which are incompletely accounted for in current 3-D computer programs.

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Zusammenfassung Die asymptotische Theorie von transonischen gepfeilten Flügeln mit hohem Seitenverhältnis (Ref. [2]–[5]) wird erweitert auf wirbelfreie kompressible Strömungen mit Verwendung der Gleichungen der vollständigen Potentialtheorie. Die Formulierung gestattet die Behandlung von eingeschlossenen superkritischen Gebieten mit Stößen; die Resultate sind für schiefe, rückwärts- und vorwärtsgepfeilte Flügel verwendbar, sind aber auf Flügelgrundrisse mit streckenweise geraden Mittellinien beschränkt. Die Anströmgeschwindigkeit liegt immer unterhalb der Schallgeschwindigkeit. Für Flügelgeometrien die durch ein einziges Profil erzeugt werden, gestattet ein reduziertes System in zwei Dimensionen Lösungen mit einer Ähnlichkeits-Struktur, die eine Lösung für alle Stationen entlang der Spannweite liefert. Betreffend der genauen Bestimmung von Widerstand und Auftrieb wird von der Theorie eine wesentliche Verbesserung gegenüber der Analyse von Pfeilflügeln erwartet, die auf der Theorie von kleinen Störungen basiert. Die Arbeit gibt auch die Grundlage für eine Untersuchung des Einflusses von abgehenden Wirbeln, die in bisherigen dreidimensionalen Computer-Programmen nur unvollständig berücksichtigt worden sind.

     

Luminescent Properties of a Composite of Acrylic Polymers Doped with Eu(III) Complex for Ink-Jet Printing Applications

We present a composite material based on polymer matrices doped with a new europium(III) complex exhibiting high quantum yield. The Eu(III) complex was introduced into two types of polymer matrices. We investigate the concentration influence of the complex embedded into polymers on luminescent properties of the composite material. This Eu(III) complex proved to be highly dispersible in polymers and compatible with ink-jet technology.     

Excitability in a quantum dot semiconductor laser with optical injection

We experimentally analyze the dynamics of a quantum dot semiconductor laser operating under optical injection. We observe the appearance of single- and double-pulse excitability at one boundary of the locking region. Theoretical considerations show that these pulses are related to a saddle-node bifurcation on a limit cycle as in the Adler equation. The double pulses are related to a period-doubling bifurcation and occur on the same homoclinic curve as the single pulses.     

Effect of internal viscosity on Brownian dynamics of DNA molecules in shear flow

The results of Brownian dynamics simulations of a single DNA molecule in shear flow are presented taking into account the effect of internal viscosity. The dissipative mechanism of internal viscosity is proved necessary in the research of DNA dynamics. A stochastic model is derived on the basis of the balance equation for forces acting on the chain. The Euler method is applied to the solution of the model. The extensions of DNA molecules for different Weissenberg numbers are analyzed. Comparison with the experimental results available in the literature is carried out to estimate the contribution of the effect of internal viscosity.     

Crystallographic and structural characterisation of heterometallic platinum compounds: Part I. Heterobinuclear Pt compounds

This review covers almost 290 heterobinuclear Pt derivatives. When the heterometals (M) are non transition and the binuclear are found both with and without a metal to metal bond. Where M is a transition metal or actinide, only those with a metal-metal bond have been included here. There are thirteen non-transition metals (Sn, Hg, Ge, Sb, Tl, Zn, Pb, Cd, Na, K, Ga, Ca and In). The shortest Pt-M bond distance is 235.2(1) (Pt-Ge). There are eighteen transition metals (Fe, W, Rh, Re, Pd, Ag, Ir, Mo, Mn, Re, Co, Cu, Cr, Au, Ni, Ti, Ta and V). The shortest Pt-M bond distance is 249.5(2) pm (Pt-Cr). There is one example of an actinide, Pt-Th at 298.4(1) pm. The Pt atom has oxidation numbers 0, +2 and +4. The Pt coordination geometries include square planar (most common), trigonal bipyramidal, pseudo octahedral (Pt(IV)) and a few prevalently capped trigonal prismatic seven coordinate species. There are at least two types of isomerism distortion and polymerisation. Factors affecting bond lengths and angles are discussed and some ambiguities in coordination polyhedra are outlined.      

Electronic transition moment for the 0(0)(0) band of the à ← X̃ transition in the ethyl peroxy radical

The electronic transition moment for the G-conformer of ethyl peroxy was determined from the experimentally measured value of the peak absorption cross-section and the simulation of its rovibronic spectrum using the results of the high resolution spectroscopy of this molecule. The resulting value is |μ(e)(G)| = 2.55(6) × 10(-2) Debye, which is compared to values from electronic structure calculations.     

Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometallic platinum compounds. Part II. Heterobinuclear Pt compounds with Pt?M (M = transition or lantanide metal) > 3.0 ?

This review covers almost two hundred and twenty heterobinuclear platinum compounds in which Pt?M separation is over 3.0 ?. The M is a transition metal (Cu, Ag, Au, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni and Pd). There is an example of a lanthanide, Yb and a actinide, U. The Pt atom has oxidation numbers 0, +2 and +4. The Pt coordination geometries include trigonal planar Pt(0); square planar Pt(II); trigonal bipyramidal, and pseudo octahedral Pt(IV), with the most frequent being square planar. The most common ligands for Pt are P and C donor atoms, as well as a chlorine atom. The Pt ?? Ag distance of 3.002(1) ? is the shortest found in this series. There are examples which contain two crystallographically independent molecules, which differ mostly by degree of distortion and even one unique example, which contains eight such molecules. These are examples of distortion isomerism. Factors affecting bond lengths and angles are discussed and some ambiguities in coordination polyhedral are outlined.     

Magnetic field generation in Rayleigh-Taylor unstable inertial confinement fusion plasmas

Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities (RTI) in inertial confinement fusion implosions are expected to generate magnetic fields. A Hall-MHD model is used to study the field generation by 2D single-mode and multimode RTI in a stratified two-fluid plasma. Self-generated magnetic fields are predicted and these fields grow as the RTI progresses via the ?n(e)×?T(e) term in the generalized Ohm's law. Scaling studies are performed to determine the growth of the self-generated magnetic field as a function of density, acceleration, Atwood number, and perturbation wavelength.     

Smith-Purcell free electron laser based on the semi-elliptical resonator

A novel Smith-Purcell(S-P) free electron laser composed of an electron gun,a semi-elliptical resonator,a metallic reflecting grating and a collector,is presented for the first time.This paper studies the characteristics of this device by theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulation method.Results indicate that tunable coherent S-P radiation with a high output peak power at millimeter wavelengths can be generated by adjusting the length of the grating period,or adjusting the voltage of the electron beam.The present scheme has the following advantages:the semi-elliptical resonator can reflect all radiation with the emission angle θ and random azimuthal angles,back onto the electron beam with same-phase and causes the electrons to be modulated,so the output power and efficiency are improved.     

First-principles studies of Al-Ni intermetallic compounds

The structural properties, heats of formation, elastic properties, and electronic structures of Al-Ni intermetallic compounds are analyzed here in detail by using density functional theory. Higher calculated absolute values of heats of formation indicate a very strong chemical interaction between Al and Ni for all Al-Ni intermetallic compounds. According to the computational single crystal elastic constants, all the Al-Ni intermetallic compounds considered here are mechanically stable. The polycrystalline elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio have been deduced by using Voigt, Reuss, and Hill (VRH) approximations, and the calculated ratio of shear modulus to bulk modulus indicated that AlNi, Al₃Ni, AlNi₃ and Al₃Ni₅ compounds are ductile materials, but Al₄Ni₃ and Al₃Ni₂ are brittle materials. With increasing Ni concentration, the bulk modulus of Al-Ni intermetallic compounds increases in a linear manner. The electronic energy band structures confirm that all Al-Ni intermetallic compounds are conductors.