Compact Induction Accelerator of Laser Plasma for Ion Energy up to 1 MeV

Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters - The collective acceleration of laser plasma ions in a rapidly increasing magnetic field (108 T/s) excited by a powerful current pulse in a low-inductive...     

Comparison of fast field-cycling magnetic resonance imaging methods and future perspectives

ABSTRACT

Fast field-cycling (FFC) nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry is a well-established method to determine the relaxation rates as a function of magnetic field strength. This so-called nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion gives insight into the underlying molecular dynamics of a wide range of complex systems and has gained interest especially in the characterisation of biological tissues and diseases. The combination of FFC techniques with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a high potential for new types of image contrast more specific to pathological molecular dynamics. This article reviews the progress in FFC-MRI over the last decade and gives an overview of the hardware systems currently in operation. We discuss limitations and error correction strategies specific to FFC-MRI such as field stability and homogeneity, signal-to-noise ratio, eddy currents and acquisition time. We also report potential applications with impact in biology and medicine. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future applications in transferring the underlying molecular dynamics into novel types of image contrast by exploiting the dispersive properties of biological tissue or MRI contrast agents.     

Fractional damping enhances chaos in the nonlinear Helmholtz oscillator

Nonlinear Dynamics - The main purpose of this paper is to study both the underdamped and the overdamped dynamics of the nonlinear Helmholtz oscillator with a fractional-order damping. For that...     

Total Electron Content Measurements in the Ionosphere Disturbed by High-Power High-Frequency Waves by the Methods of Incoherent Scattering of Radio Waves and Radio Sounding by Glonass Satellite Signal

Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - We present the results of comparing the total electron content measurements based on GLONASS satellite signals and the EISCAT UHF incoherent scatter radar...     

Evolution of a Non-Uniform Deformed State in the Structure of Zinc-Chalcogenide Cubic Crystals Doped by 3 d Ions

The real structure of bulk Zn1 – хМхSe (S) crystals of diluted magnetic semiconductors with М = V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni 3d impurities is characterized by neutron diffraction. These impurities are known to greatly destabilize even the initial lattices of pure zinc chalcogenides. Data on the resulting non-uniform microstrain field induced by atomic displacements are obtained from the structural peaks along the tangential and radial directions on the above crystals within a dopant concentration range of 0.01 ≤ х ≤ 0.10. Additional nodes with q = (1/3 1/3 1/3) 2π/a (q is the wave vector and a is the cubic unit cell) emerging in the reciprocal lattice of the cubic structure are considered as evidence for a pre-transition to the fcc (face-centered cubic)–hcp (hexagonal close-packed) phase state, which implies transitions from the fcc lattice along an 8-ray non-Lifshitz star with the wave vector k5 = μ(b1 + b2 + b3), where b1, b2, b3 are the reciprocal lattice vectors and μ ≈ 1/3.