汉麻杆基活性炭表面织构与储氢性能的研究

以天然汉麻杆为原料,采用KOH化学活化的方法改变活化时间制备出了高比表面积活性炭,并且对其表面进行硝酸氧化处理,研究活性炭表面化学状态对其吸附性能的影响。采用77 K低温氮气吸附和FTIR对样品进行了表征,并在77 K、100 kPa的条件下测定样品的氢气吸附等温线。结果表明,所有样品具有较高的比表面积(2 435.93～3 240.95 m²·g^-1)和总孔容(1.3～1.98 cm³·g^-1),且随活化时间的延长而增加,3.5 h达到最大值,之后由于骨架坍塌有所减小。所有样品的孔径分布较为一致呈多峰型分布,主要以小于2 nm的微孔为主,同时含有少量的中孔和大孔。活化3.5 h样品的吸氢量最大,达到3.28wt%。研究发现,吸氢量受比表面积和孔容等参数影响较大,77 K下不仅小于2 nm的微孔对活性炭吸氢行为贡献较大,中孔也有十分重要的影响。样品经硝酸氧化处理后,BET比表面积和总孔容均在一定程度上减小,而氢气吸附量也有所降低。     

A review of 3D-printed sensors

Nowadays, sensors play an important role in human life. Among the many manufacturing methods used in the fabrication of sensors, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gradually shown its advantages, particularly with commercial products. Physical sensors, biosensors, and chemical sensors can all be fabricated via 3D printing technology, through either directly printing sensing components, printing molds for casting sensors, or printing platforms to be integrated with commercial sensors. In this article, the varieties of features and applications of 3D printing technologies used in the fabrication of sensors are reviewed. Several types of 3D printing technologies are compared for better understanding of the tools. With the development of new or hybrid manufacturing methods and materials used in the 3D printing technology, this technology will show its great advantages and potential in the fabrication of highly sensitive nanosensors or compound sensors with 3D intricate structures.     

A Cartan’s Second Main Theorem Approach in Nevanlinna Theory

In 2002, in the paper entitled “A subspace theorem approach to integral points on curves”, Corvaja and Zannier started the program of studying integral points on algebraic varieties by using Schmidt’s subspace theorem in Diophantine approximation. Since then, the program has led a great progress in the study of Diophantine approximation. It is known that the counterpart of Schmidt’s subspace in Nevanlinna theory is H. Cartan’s Second Main Theorem. In recent years, the method of Corvaja and Zannier has been adapted by a number of authors and a big progress has been made in extending the Second Main Theorem to holomorphic mappings from C into arbitrary projective variety intersecting general divisors by using H. Cartan’s original theorem. We call such method “a Cartan’s Second Main Theorem approach”. In this survey paper, we give a systematic study of such approach, as well as survey some recent important results in this direction including the recent work of the author with Paul Voja.     

Tris(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl­meth­yl)­amine–solvent adducts

The tris­(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl­meth­yl)­amine (ntb) mol­ecule crystallizes in different solvent systems, resulting in two kinds of adduct, namely the monohydrate, C₂₄H₂₁N₇·H₂O or ntb·H₂O, (I), and the acetonitrile–methanol–water (1/0.5/1.5) solvate, C₂₄H₂₁N₇·C₂H₃N·0.5CH₄O·1.5H₂O or ntb·1.5H₂O·0.5MeOH·MeCN, (II). In both cases, ntb adopts a tripodal mode to form hydrogen bonds with a solvent water mol­ecule via two N—H⋯O and one O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In (I), the ntb·H₂O adduct is further assembled into a two‐dimensional network by N—H⋯N and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, while in (II), a double‐stranded one‐dimensional chain structure is assembled via N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with the acetonitrile mol­ecules located inside the cavities of the chain structure.     

偏振度作为反馈信号进行偏振模色散补偿的研究

对40Gb／s光纤通信中归零码和非归零码光脉冲的偏振度随二阶偏振模色散的变化规律进行了数值模拟,结果表明由于二阶偏振模色散的影响,偏振度的变化趋势呈现出震荡性,二阶偏振模色散对归零码的偏振度要比非归零码的偏振度影响明显;同时搭建了偏振模色散补偿系统,对系统进行数值模拟和实验所得到的结果都表明,以偏振度作为反馈信号,采用粒子群优化算法作搜索算法能够有效地对归零码和非归零码系统的一阶及高阶偏振模色散进行自适应补偿。     

改性聚酯异形中空微孔纤维性能研究

利用不同的异形喷丝板,将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)与不同间苯二甲酸- 5- 磺酸基团摩尔含量的共聚酯(HCDP)共混纺丝,制得一系列改性聚酯纤维.改性纤维的断裂强度随共混HCDP中磺酸基团摩尔含量的增加呈现下降趋势,但该趋势在磺酸基团含量达到一定数量后出现回升.纤维对阳离子染料的吸收率随磺酸基团摩尔含量的增加而增加,但对分散染料而言此差异较小,并且不论何种染料,纤维横截面的变化对上染率的影响均不明显.碱处理对纤维上染率影响巨大.纤维保水率与纤维碱处理后形成的具有毛细效应的微孔结构以及异型纤维本身形成的毛细结构有密切关系,而且纤维对水分的传输性能在很大程度上取决于纤维的横截面形状,纤维碱处理后形成的微孔特别是透孔结构有助于输水性能的改善.     

基于SERS标记免疫检测的再生性研究

具有高灵敏度,高选择性特点的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)与免疫学中的特异吸附机理相结合形成的SERS标记免疫检测技术具有很大的研究及应用价值。文章重点研究了关于SERS标记免疫检测的再生性问题,力求增加此技术的循环利用价值。实验采用甘氨酸-HCl生物缓冲体系对三明治结构(固相抗体-抗原-标记免疫金溶胶)进行洗脱,通过酸碱度的改变,促使抗体抗原复合物发生解离。实验结果表明,洗脱24 h后,固相抗体上连接的抗原及标记免疫溶胶能得到很好的去除,去除后再次组装三明治结构,仍能通过对标记分子的识别进行SERS标记免疫检测。在此基础上还研究了此方法的稳定性与重复使用次数,发现其具有较好的稳定性,重复使用次数可达10次左右。     

核酸与有机小分子反应机理的荧光特性研究

核酸与有机小分子的反应机理对认识核酸的结构与功能具有重要作用,也是揭示核酸的生物功能与一些药物的作用机制的重要途径。研究核酸与有机小分子之间的相互作用对生命过程的模拟和生命本质的探索具有十分重要的意义,并对近年来该领域采用的荧光光谱法进行了综述,从温度、双分子猝灭过程的速率常数、荧光寿命以及吸收光谱的变化等方面作了论述,从而确定了核酸与有机小分子(染料和药物)之间相互作用的荧光猝灭类型;总结了结合常数、荧光给体-受体间的作用距离、作用力类型及结合方式的多种求算方法,并分别阐述了核酸与染料及药物在不同结合数下生成常数的计算方法。这对研究核酸与有机小分子之间的作用机理、开发新的核酸探针以及以核酸为靶标的药物分子的设计有一定的指导意义。     

Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Authentication Expansion UsingSingle Photons

In this paper we propose two quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocols with authentication. The authentication key expansion method is introduced to improve the life of the keys with security. In the first scheme, the third party, called Trent is introduced to authenticate the users that participate in the communication. He sends the polarized photons in blocks toauthenticate communication parties Alice and Bob using the authentication keys. In the communication process, polarized single photons are used to serve as the carriers, which transmit the secret messages directly. The second QSDC process with authentication between two parties is also discussed.     

An analytic model for the optical properties of gold

A simple analytic model for the optical properties of gold is proposed. The model includes a minimum set of parameters necessary to represent the complex dielectric function of gold in the visible and near-uv regions. Explicit values for the parameters to reproduce the Johnson and Christy data [Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370 (1972)] on the optical properties of gold are provided.