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991.
992.
Wyslouzil BE Wilemski G Strey R Seifert S Winans RE 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2007,9(39):5353-5358
Our in situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements yield an unprecedented and detailed view of rapidly evolving H(2)O nanodroplets formed in supersonic nozzles. The SAXS experiments produce spectra in a few seconds that are comparable to small angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectra requiring several hours of integration time and the use of deuterated compounds. These measurements now make it possible to quantitatively determine the maximum nucleation and growth rates of small droplets formed under conditions that are far from equilibrium. Particle growth is directly followed from about 10 micros to 100 micros after particle formation with growth rates of approximately 0.2 to 0.02 nm micros(-1). The peak H(2)O nucleation rates lie between 10(17) and 10(18) cm(-3) s(-1). 相似文献
993.
Aratono M Onimaru N Yoshikai Y Shigehisa M Koga I Wongwailikhit K Ohta A Takiue T Lhoussaine B Strey R Takata Y Villeneuve M Matsubara H 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2007,111(1):107-115
The concentration vs composition diagram of aggregate formation of the dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) mixture in aqueous solution at rather dilute region was constructed by analyzing the surface tension, turbidity, and electrical conductivity data and inspected by cryo-TEM images and dynamic light scattering data. Although the aqueous solution of DTAB forms only micelles, the transition from monomer to small aggregates and then to vesicle was found at 0.1 < X2 相似文献
994.
The NMR spectra of the three solutes ortho-, meta-, and para-dichlorobenzene in the nematic and smectic A phases of the liquid crystals 8CB and 8OCB are analyzed to yield two orientational order parameters for each solute. Extrapolation of the asymmetry in the energy parameters that describe the orientational ordering in the nematic phase are used to provide estimates of the strength of the nematic potential in the smectic A phase. The experimentally determined asymmetry of the orientational order parameters in the smectic A phase is then used in conjunction with Kobayashi-McMillan theory applied to solutes to give information about the smectic A layering and the nematic/smectic A coupling. In both smectic A solvents, the solute smectic coupling constant, tau, is negative (with the origin fixed at the center of the smectic layer) for all solutes. The signs and relative values of tau indicate that the ortho and para solutes favor the interlayer region while the meta solute is more evenly distributed throughout the layers. 相似文献
995.
Weber J Miserere S Champ J Looten R Stoppa-Lyonnet D Viovy JL Houdayer C 《Electrophoresis》2007,28(23):4282-4288
The detection of unknown mutations is important both in population genetics research and in diagnosis. At present, two different methods must be used to detect either point mutations or large-scale genetic rearrangements, which is costly and time-consuming. We describe here a new method for the simultaneous detection of these two types of mutations. It is based on electrophoretic heteroduplex analysis (HDA) using enhanced mismatch mutation analysis (EMMA) and semiquantitative multiplexed PCR conditions. The use of such conditions allows the simultaneous search of any kind of mutation in up to five different fragments per capillary, in a single or multi-CE system. The method was validated on patient samples with mutations in the breast predisposition gene BRCA1. It leads to highly reliable and high-throughput mutation detection at low cost, as compared with classical methods. 相似文献
996.
Altland K Benson MD Costello CE Ferlini A Hazenberg BP Hund E Kristen AV Linke RP Merlini G Salvi F Saraiva MJ Singer R Skinner M Winter P 《Electrophoresis》2007,28(12):2053-2064
Mutations of the human transthyretin (TTR) gene have attracted medical interest as a cause of amyloidosis. Recently, we have described in detail an electrophoretic procedure with PAGE followed by IEF in urea gradients for the study of the microheterogeneity of TTR monomers (Altland, K., Winter, P., Sauerborn, M. K., Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 1349-1364). In this paper, we present a study on 49 different mutations of TTR including 33 that result in electrically neutral amino acid substitutions. The aims of the investigation were to test the sensitivity of the procedure to detect TTR variants in patients with TTR amyloidosis and their relatives and to identify some common characteristics that could explain the amyloidogenicity of these variants. We found that all tested amyloidogenic mutations could be detected by our method with the exception of those for which the corresponding variant was absent in plasma samples. Most of the electrically neutral amyloidogenic TTR variants had in common a reduced conformational stability of monomers by the activity of protons and urea. For three variants, e.g. TTR-F64L, TTR-I107V and TTR-V122I, the monomers had a conformational stability close to that of normal monomers but we found experimental and structural arguments for a weakening of the monomer-monomer contact. All types of amyloidogenic mutations affected the stability of TTR tetramers. 相似文献
997.
Molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs, >3 μm) and nanospheres (MINs, ≈450 nm) for the environmental endocrine disruptor
di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were prepared by a precipitation polymerization (PP) procedure. The effect of the dispersive
solvents acetonitrile (ACN) and cyclohexane (CH), the cross-linkers ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) and trimethylpropane
trimethacrylate (TRIM), and the template on particle size and morphology of polymers was investigated in detail by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and BET adsorption isotherm determination. When used as HPLC stationary phase, the microspheres
exhibited strong affinity for the template DEHP with an imprint factor (IF) higher than 8.0 in ACN/water (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase. Furthermore, baseline separation of DEHP from benzyl butyl phthalate
(BBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) could be achieved. In contrast, no or only poor separation could be observed with non-imprinted
polymeric polymers (NIPs) or imprinted bulk polymers (MIB), respectively. Similarly, the obtained MINs exhibited an imprinting
effect in pure ACN, i.e. the bond amount of DEHP was significantly higher compared to NIPs, as was shown in rebinding experiments.
Besides their use as an HPLC stationary phase, MIMs might further be applicable for SPE sample cleanup, while MINs could be
used as a recognition layer on sensor surfaces.
Figure Molecularly imprinting of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) 相似文献
998.
Meusinger R 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,389(5):1297-1299
999.
Bis-indolylquinones represent a class of fungal natural products that display antiretroviral, antidiabetes, or cytotoxic bioactivities. Recent advances in Aspergillus genomic mining efforts have led to the discovery of the tdiA-E-gene cluster, which is the first genetic locus dedicated to bis-indolylquinone biosynthesis. We have now genetically and biochemically characterized the enzymes TdiA (bis-indolylquinone synthetase) and TdiD (L-tryptophan:phenylpyruvate aminotransferase), which, together, confer biosynthetic abilities for didemethylasterriquinone D to Aspergillus nidulans. This compound is the universal intermediate for all bis-indolylquinones. In this biochemical study of a bis-indolylquinone synthetase and a fungal natural product transaminase, we present a one-pot chemoenzymatic protocol to generate didemethylasterriquinone D in vitro. As TdiA resembles a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, yet catalyzes carbon-carbon-bond formation, we discuss the implications for peptide synthetase chemistry. 相似文献
1000.
Kazakov DV Kazakov VP Maistrenko GY Mal'zev DV Schmidt R 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2007,111(20):4267-4273
The acetone-catalyzed decomposition of monoperoxysulfate ions, the molybdate ion-induced decay of hydrogen peroxide, and the reactions of N-chlorosuccinimide or N-bromosuccinimide with hydrogen peroxide and of dimethyldioxirane with tertiary amines as well as the thermal decomposition of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene endoperoxide lead to the chemiluminescence of singlet-oxygen dimol species (1O2)2 emitting at 634 and 703 nm. In contrast to the expected enhancement of (1O2)2 chemiluminescence upon addition of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) [Deneke, C.F.; Krinsky, N. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 3041. Di Mascio, P.; Sies, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2909.], quenching has been observed. Our data show that enhancement of singlet-oxygen dimol chemiluminescence is not a general phenomenon and, consequently, DABCO is not a reliable chemiluminescent probe for the presence of (1O2)2 in chemical and biochemical systems. 相似文献