Kinetic and mechanistic study of oxidation of diethylamine by N‐sodio‐N‐bromobenzene sulphonamide (Bromamine‐B) in acid solution: Catalyzed by Ru(III)

Kinetics of oxidation of diethylamine (DEA) by Bromamine‐B (BAB) has been investigated at 303 K in acid solution with Ru(III) as catalyst. The oxidation behavior obeys the rate law, rate = k [BAB] [DEA] [Ru(III)] [H⁺]^−x where ‘x’ is less than unity indicating retardation of rate by [H⁺]. Added halide ions, the reaction product benzenesulphonamide, variation of ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium do not have any significant effect on the rate. The protonation constant of monobromamine‐B evaluated for the reaction is 32.3 at 303 K. Activation parameters have been evaluated from Arrhenius plot. A mechanism consistent with experimental results has been proposed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 31: 744–752, 1999     

Phenylarsenic(III) complexes of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazolines

Equimolar reactions of PhAs(OMe)₂ (prepared in situ) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazolines LH₂ give the addition products PhAs(OMe)₂LH₂, while equimolar reactions of PhAsCl₂ with Na₂L yield substitution products PhAsL. All these derivatives have been characterized by elemental analyses and their plausible structures have been established on the basis of physico-chemical, IR, and NMR (¹H and ¹³C) spectral studies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 15:92–96, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/.10220     

Solidification behaviour of binary organic eutectic alloys

The phase diagrams of binary organic faceted-faceted systems of p-dibromobenzene with acenaphthene, p-chloronitrobenzene and acetanilide show the formation of a simple eutectic with 0.53, 0.61, and 0.64 mole fraction of p-dibromobenzene, respectively. Crystallization data, determined by the capillary method, suggest that the eutectics of p-dibromobenzene with acenaphthene and p-chloronitrobenzene solidify with alternate nucleation mechanism and the crystallization of the eutectic of p-dibromobenzene-acetanilide system takes place by the side-by-side growth of the phases involved. With a view to throw light on the thermodynamic behaviour of eutectic alloys of non-metals, heats of fusion of their transparent organic analogues and their eutectics were determined, and using these values different thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The microstructures of the eutectics show their typical characteristic features.     

Toxicological Effects of Metal Nanoparticles Employed in Biomedicine: Biocompatibility,Clinical Trials,and Future Perspective

Metal nanoparticles play a crucial role in the medical industry due to its desirable properties such as antimicrobial activity, anti-cancer property, and its application in disease diagnostics. These properties enable the nanoparticles to be used as efficient medical devices for various treatments as well as drug delivery systems. Despite all the positives, metal nanoparticles are known for causing toxicity in the living system. The toxicological effects of metal nanoparticles are due to their size, surface*e coating, and the dose administered. Therefore, it is important to study the toxic effects of these nanoparticles before they are used as medical devices for various treatments. This review focuses on the five major metal nanoparticles used in the medical field, namely; silver, gold, iron oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The non-exhaustive review consists of an introduction to the toxicological effects of these nanoparticles, the biocompatibility, and the current and future clinical perspective on metal nanoparticles.     

Some Physicochemical Studies on Binary Organic Eutectics and 1:2 Molecular Complexes

Benzidine-m. aminophenol system gives a double simple eutectic type phase-diagram showing the formation of a 1:2 addition compound with congruent melting point surrounded by two eutectics on either side. The linear velocity of crystallization data on pure components, eutectics, and addition compound suggest square relationship between growth velocity and undercooling. From the X-ray diffraction studies it can be inferred that the eutectics are not a simple mechanical mixtures of two components. Whereas microstructural investigations suggest faceted growth of the addition compound and a typical characteristic growth of the eutectics, spectral studies indicate the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between two components forming the molecular complex.