全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2480篇 |
免费 | 105篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1791篇 |
晶体学 | 17篇 |
力学 | 20篇 |
数学 | 365篇 |
物理学 | 411篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 49篇 |
2020年 | 57篇 |
2019年 | 68篇 |
2018年 | 53篇 |
2017年 | 54篇 |
2016年 | 108篇 |
2015年 | 84篇 |
2014年 | 110篇 |
2013年 | 177篇 |
2012年 | 177篇 |
2011年 | 220篇 |
2010年 | 131篇 |
2009年 | 113篇 |
2008年 | 170篇 |
2007年 | 147篇 |
2006年 | 141篇 |
2005年 | 97篇 |
2004年 | 94篇 |
2003年 | 64篇 |
2002年 | 64篇 |
2001年 | 29篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 6篇 |
1958年 | 6篇 |
1955年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有2604条查询结果,搜索用时 584 毫秒
91.
Miroslav Jelínek Petr Písařík Tomáš Kocourek Josef Zemek Jaroslav Lukeš 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2013,110(4):943-947
A hybrid PLD system with ion bombardment of films was developed. Growing DLC films were modified during the laser deposition (10 J?cm?2) by argon ions with energy in the range from 40 eV to 210 eV and cathode current of 0.15 A and 0.5 A. The content of sp2 “graphitic” and sp3 “diamond” bonds was measured using XPS. Sp3 bonds changed from 60 % to 81 %. We found the highest sp3 content for energy of 40 eV. Hardness (and reduced Young’s modulus) were determined by nanoindentation and reached 49 GPa (277 GPa). Film adhesion was studied using the scratch test and was up to 14 N for titanium substrates. Relations among deposition conditions and measured properties are presented. 相似文献
92.
Szymon Godlewski Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki Janusz Budzioch Lukasz Walczak Irena G. Stará Ivo Starý Petr Sehnal Marek Szymonski 《Surface science》2012,606(21-22):1600-1607
Helicenes are carbon-rich materials with an ordered structure that possess interesting and remarkable electronic, chiroptical, mechanical and magnetic properties either in bulk or as single molecule devices. We report on the first attempt to anchor and organize [11]anthrahelicene ([11]AH) molecules onto a metal oxide surface. Molecular structures obtained on the (110) and (011) faces of rutile titania are characterized using scanning probe microscopy. On the (110) surface, [11]AH molecules form islands that are comprised of small domains of two types that are mirror reflections of each other and have an ordered quasi-hexagonal lattice. In contrast, molecules form unordered clusters on the (011) surface. Single molecules on both faces are imaged with sub-molecular resolution. 相似文献
93.
94.
Petr P. Sharin Sofia P. Yakovleva Susanna N. Makharova Maria I. Vasilieva Vasilii I. Popov 《Composite Interfaces》2019,26(1):53-65
The structural-phase state of the contact zone and the factors that influence on the strength of diamond retention in the diamond carbide composites were determined. Composites were obtained by the new hybrid technology that eliminates the reheating of the metalized coating. The elaborated technology combines the thermal diffusion metallization of a diamond and the sintering by the scheme of self-dosed impregnation in a one-stage technological cycle. By the methods of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy the structural and phase characteristics of the interphase boundary were investigated. The improvement of chemical and mechanical adhesion between the diamond and carbide matrix was obtained. It was shown that the specific productivity of the samples with a metalized diamond component is 39% higher than those without metallization. 相似文献
95.
96.
Jan Pecháček Jiří Václavík Jan Přech Petr Šot Jakub Januščák Beáta Vilhanová Jiří Vavřík Marek Kuzma Petr Kačer 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2013,24(4):233-239
We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first parametric study of the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of imines catalyzed by a Noyori-type catalytic complex based on ruthenium. A model imine for this study was 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, and a well-known complex RuCl(η6-p-cymene)((1S,2S)-N-p-toluenesulfonyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine) was chosen as the model catalyst. The reactions were performed in the presence of a formic acid–triethylamine mixture as the source of hydrogen.The parameters examined include general parameters, for example, concentration, temperature, and substrate-to-catalyst molar ratio, as well as parameters specific to this particular reaction, such as the amount of the hydrogenation mixture used, the ratio of its components, or the inhibitive effect of carbon dioxide. During this study, several unexpected parameters worth further investigation have emerged. 相似文献
97.
Alexey V. Laptev Dmitrii E. Pugachev Alexey Yu. Lukin Andrei V. Nechaev Nikolay E. Belikov Olga V. Demina Petr P. Levin Andrey A. Khodonov Andrey F. Mironov Sergei D. Varfolomeev Vitalii I. Shvets 《Mendeleev Communications》2013,23(4):199-201
A new 5,10,15,20-tetrasubstituted porphyrin containing four 6’-nitro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro(indolino-2,2’-2H-chromene) substituents and its complexes with Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions were prepared and characterized by physicochemical methods of analysis. 相似文献
98.
99.
Dr. Jan Vícha Dr. Petr Švec Dr. Zdeňka Růžičková Dr. Maksim A. Samsonov Kateřina Bártová Prof. Aleš Růžička Dr. Michal Straka Dr. Martin Dračínský 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(40):8698-8702
Spin-orbit (SO) heavy-atom on the light-atom (SO-HALA) effect is the largest relativistic effect caused by a heavy atom on its light-atom neighbors, leading, for example, to unexpected NMR chemical shifts of 1H, 13C, and 15N nuclei. In this study, a combined experimental and theoretical evidence for the SO-HALA effect transmitted through hydrogen bond is presented. Solid-state NMR data for a series of 4-dimethylaminopyridine salts containing I−, Br− and Cl− counter ions were obtained experimentally and by theoretical calculations. A comparison of the experimental chemical shifts with those calculated by a standard DFT methodology without the SO contribution to the chemical shifts revealed a remarkable error of the calculated proton chemical shift of a hydrogen atom that is in close contact with the iodide anion. The addition of the relativistic SO correction in the calculations significantly improves overall agreement with the experiment and confirms the propagation of the SO-HALA effect through hydrogen bonds. 相似文献
100.
Dr. Vladimir V. Shilovskikh Alexandra A. Timralieva Pavel V. Nesterov Dr. Alexander S. Novikov Dr. Petr A. Sitnikov Prof. Elizaveta A. Konstantinova Prof. Alexander I. Kokorin Prof. Ekaterina V. Skorb 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(70):16603-16610
In the last two decades, a large number of self-assembled materials were synthesized and they have already found their way into large-scale industry and science. Hydrogen-bond-based supramolecular adducts are found to have unique properties and to be perfect host structures for trapping target molecules or ions. Such chemical systems are believed to resemble living matter and can substitute a living cell in a number of cases. Herein, a report on an organic material based on supramolecular assembly of barbituric acid and melamine is presented. Surprisingly, the structure is found to host and stabilize radicals under mild conditions allowing its use for biological applications. The number of free radicals is found to be easily tuned by changing the pH of the environment and it increases when exposed to light up to a saturation level. We describe a preparation method as well as stability properties of melamine–barbiturate self-assembly, potentiometric titration, and hydrogen ions adsorption data and EPR spectra concerning the composite. 相似文献