Phase-sensitive recombination of two bose-einstein condensates on an atom chip

The recombination of two split Bose-Einstein condensates on an atom chip is shown to result in heating which depends on the relative phase of the two condensates. This heating reduces the number of condensate atoms between 10% and 40% and provides a robust way to read out the phase of an atom interferometer without the need for ballistic expansion. The heating may be caused by the dissipation of dark solitons created during the merging of the condensates.     

Long phase coherence time and number squeezing of two Bose-Einstein condensates on an atom chip

We measure the relative phase of two Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a radio frequency induced double-well potential on an atom chip. We observe phase coherence between the separated condensates for times up to approximately 200 ms after splitting, a factor of 10 longer than the phase diffusion time expected for a coherent state for our experimental conditions. The enhanced coherence time is attributed to number squeezing of the initial state by a factor of 10. In addition, we demonstrate a rotationally sensitive (Sagnac) geometry for a guided atom interferometer by propagating the split condensates.     

Fluoride‐ion‐conducting Polymers: Ionic Conductivity and Fluoride Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Quaternized Polysulfones

We describe the three‐step synthesis of a new polymeric fluoride ion conductor based on the fully aromatic polymer polysulfone (PSU). In the first step, PSU is chloromethylated (CM‐PSU) using reagents (i.e., stannic chloride, paraformaldehyde, and trimethylchlorosilane) that are less toxic than those used in the standard procedure. In the second step, CM‐PSU reacts with a tertiary amine (trimethylamine or 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) to form quaternary ammonium groups fixed on the PSU backbone and mobile chloride counter‐anions. The chloride ions can, in a third step, be exchanged with fluoride ions by immersion of the ionomer in NaF solution. The fluoride ion conductivity reaches 3–5 mS cm^?1 at 25 °C and 5–10 mS cm^?1 at 40 °C. We determined the F^? diffusion coefficient in these ionomers by pulsed gradient spin‐echo (PGSE) high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and by impedance spectroscopy using the Nernst–Einstein relation. The diffusion coefficients determined by the two methods are in good agreement, ranging from 2 to 4×10^?10 m² s^?1. The porosity and tortuosity of the ionomer membranes can be estimated.     

基频估计算法研究平均骨小梁间距

超声背散射信号能提供松质骨微结构信息从而能有效的诊断骨质疏松,而平均骨小梁间距(MTBS)是表征松质骨微结构的重要参数之一.本文提出了一种基频估计的MTBS估计算法,对仿真信号和离体牛胫骨松质骨中的超声背散射信号分别进行分析处理,并和现有的两种算法(简易反向滤波跟踪(SIFT)算法和AR倒谱法)进行比较.实验结果表明基频估计算法对噪卢和随机散射回波有更好的鲁棒性,在信噪比较低和随机散射回波幅度较大时估计值更加精确,且有很好的方差性能.充分说明了本文算法是一种有效的MTBS估计算法.     

吡咯亚胺配体与过渡金属的反应性及其催化烯烃聚合

在经典的Brookhart吡啶双亚胺后过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂基础上,用吡咯五元环代替吡啶六元环骨架可得到具有不同电子效应的新型吡咯亚胺配体.通过吡咯环特殊的电子效应和位阻效应可设计出种类繁多的有别于吡啶亚胺配体的配合物.综述了吡咯亚胺配体与前过渡金属(Ti,Zr等)、后过渡金属(Fe,Co,Ni,Pd等)、稀土金属(Y...     

骨折长骨中超声导波传播特性的仿真研究

采用超声导波评价长骨骨折已成为近两年来的一个研究热点.本文采用混合边界元方法(HBEM)对超声导波在骨裂长骨中的传播情况以及各导波模式的反射系数和透射系数进行了数值分析.研究结果表明,入射导波模式经由裂纹处模式转换后依然保持为主要接收模式不变.对某一裂纹,各模式透射系数常在相近的频率点上达到局部峰值.对于不同深宽比(d/w)裂纹,某些模式透射系数曲线局部峰值所对应的频率存在着相互错开的现象,这些结果可用于选择最优入射导波模式和频率,以便更好地定量评价骨质以及骨裂状况.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Polyoxometalate K(C_4N_2H_(12))_4(C_4N_2H_(11))_(2-)[Mo_8~ⅤMo_4~ⅥCdP_8O_(54)(OH)_8]F·6H_2O

The title compound 1 has been synthesized by the reaction of H_2MoO_4, CdCl_2, H_3PO_4, KF, piperazine hexahydrate and water in aqueous solution under mild hydrothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the title compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P(-1) with a = 14.049(3), b = 15.972(3), c = 20.043(4) (A), α = 85.82(3), β = 81.28(3),γ = 67.15(3)°, V= 4095.9(14) (A)~3, M_r = 3204.62, Z=2,D_c = 2.598 g/cm~3,μ = 2.360 mm~(-1), F(000) = 3124, the final R = 0.0314, wR = 0.0826 and S = 0.989 for 18592 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The crystal packing is stabilized by N-H…O and O-H…O intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form an infinite 3D network.     

A Simple and Rapid Label-free Fluorimetric “Turn Off-on” Sensor for Cadmium Detection Using Glutathione-capped CdS Quantum Dots

A convenient label-free fluorescence(FL) nanoprobe for rapid detection of cadmium(Cd) was established using glutathione-capped CdS quantum dots(QDs) and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen). The prepared CdS QDs exhibited a strong FL emission at 536 nm, which could be quenched by phen due to the photoinduced hole transfer(PHT) mechanism. The existence of Cd effectively recovered the FL intensity of CdS QDs, which was due to the easy detachment of phen from the surface of QDs to form[Cd(phen)₂(H₂O)₂]²⁺ in solution. Cd concentrations were linearly correlated with the FL intensity in the range of 0.0625-1.25 μmol/L under the optimized conditions and the detection limit was 0.01 μmol/L. Finally, the Cd concentration was accurately quantified in real water sample using the proposed sensor.     

Ordered, disordered, and coexistent stable vortex lattices in NbSe2 single crystals

The peak effect (PE) in the critical current density of type II superconductors has been related to an order-disorder transition in the vortex lattice (VL), but its underlying physics remains a controversial issue. Intrinsic to the PE are strong metastabilities that frequently mask the stationary VL configurations. We follow shaking and thermal protocols in NbSe2 single crystals to access these configurations and examine them by linear ac susceptibility measurements that avoid VL reorganization. We identify three different regions. For TT2(H), configurations are fully disordered and no metastability is observed. In the T1相似文献   

Rigorous bounds of the Lyapunov exponents of the one-dimensional random Ising model

We find analytic upper and lower bounds of the Lyapunov exponents of the product of random matrices related to the one-dimensional disordered Ising model, using a deterministic map which transforms the original system into a new one with smaller average couplings and magnetic fields. The iteration of the map gives bounds which estimate the Lyapunov exponents with increasing accuracy. We prove, in fact, that both the upper and the lower bounds converge to the Lyapunov exponents in the limit of infinite iterations of the map. A formal expression of the Lyapunov exponents is thus obtained in terms of the limit of a sequence. Our results allow us to introduce a new numerical procedure for the computation of the Lyapunov exponents which has a precision higher than Monte Carlo simulations.