Characterization and identification of chemical compositions in the extract of Artemisia rupestris L. by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography coupled to negative electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) employing a time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer was used in the structural determination of phenolic compounds and sesquiterpenoids occurring in the extract from Artemisia rupestris L. A total of 91 compounds including chlorogenic acid derivatives, flavonoids (aglycone, O-glycosyl, C-glycosyl and C,O-glycosyl), 2-phenoxychromones and guaiane sesquiterpenoids were identified by comparing the retention time and fragmentation behavior with reference standards or according to accurate mass measurement and the characteristic fragmentation at low and high collision energy. Most of these compounds were reported in Artemisia rupestris L. for the first time. Meanwhile, the proposed pathway and the major diagnostic fragmentation of 2-phenoxychromone and rupestonic acid were investigated to trace 2-phenoxychromone and rupestonic acid derivatives in crude plant extracts. According to these rules, we have successfully characterized five potential novel compounds including three 2-phenoxychromones (6-demethoxy-4'-O-methylcapillarisin-O-hexosylglucuronide, 6-demethoxy-4'-O-methylcapillarisin-O-pentosylhexoside and 6-demethoxy-4'-O-methylcapillarisin-O-deoxyhexosylhexoside) and two sesquiterpenoids (hexosyl-glycurinide-rupestonic acid and hexoside-rupestonic acid).     

Mechano-optical wavelength tuning in a photonic crystal microcavity with sub-1 V drive voltage

A micro-bimorph cantilever with self-aligned nanotips is monolithically integrated with a photonic crystal based device using optical and deep UV lithography techniques. Upon electrostatic actuation, the dielectric nanotips perturb the optical field, providing electromechano-optical modulation of light. Static tuning of the optical transmission spectra by more than 600 pm is measured with a sub-1 V drive voltage, resulting in a modulation as high as 21 dB. The observed strong electromechano-optical effect may find application in power efficient devices for optical communication networks, such as wavelength routing elements.     

Globally Convergent BFGS Method for Nonsmooth Convex Optimization1

We propose an implementable BFGS method for solving a nonsmooth convex optimization problem by converting the original objective function into a once continuously differentiable function by way of the Moreau–Yosida regularization. The proposed method makes use of approximate function and gradient values of the Moreau-Yosida regularization instead of the corresponding exact values. We prove the global convergence of the proposed method under the assumption of strong convexity of the objective function.     

A Narrative Review on the Phytochemistry,Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentials of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Leaves as an Alternative Source of Future Medicine

The application of natural products and supplements has expanded tremendously over the past few decades. Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans), which is affiliated to the Acanthaceae family, has recently caught the interest of researchers from the countries of subtropical Asia due to its medicinal uses in alternative treatment for skin infection conditions due to insect bites, microorganism infections and cancer, as well as for health well-being. A number of bioactive compounds from this plant’s extract, namely phenolic compounds, sulphur containing compounds, sulphur containing glycosides compounds, terpens-tripenoids, terpens-phytosterols and chlorophyll-related compounds possess high antioxidant activities. This literature search yielded about one hundred articles which were then further documented, including the valuable data and findings obtained from all accessible electronic searches and library databases. The promising pharmacological activities from C. nutans leaves extract, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-venom, analgesic and anti-nociceptive properties were meticulously dissected. Moreover, the authors also discuss a few of the pharmacological aspect of C. nutans leaves extracts against anti-hyperlipidemia, vasorelaxation and renoprotective activities, which are seldom available from the previously discussed review papers. From the aspect of toxicological studies, controversial findings have been reported in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Thus, further investigations on their phytochemical compounds and their mode of action showing pharmacological activities are required to fully grasp both traditional usage and their suitability for future drugs development. Data related to therapeutic activity and the constituents of C. nutans leaves were searched by using the search engines Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, and accepting literature reported between 2010 to present. On the whole, this review paper compiles all the available contemporary data from this subtropical herb on its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities with a view towards garnering further interest in exploring its use in cardiovascular and renal diseases.     

Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids by Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroxycarbonylation

The synthesis of carboxylic acids is of fundamental importance in the chemical industry and the corresponding products find numerous applications for polymers, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other manufactured chemicals. Although hydroxycarbonylations of olefins have been known for more than 60 years, currently known catalyst systems for this transformation do not fulfill industrial requirements, for example, stability. Presented herein for the first time is an aqueous‐phase protocol that allows conversion of various olefins, including sterically hindered and demanding tetra‐, tri‐, and 1,1‐disubstituted systems, as well as terminal alkenes, into the corresponding carboxylic acids in excellent yields. The outstanding stability of the catalyst system (26 recycling runs in 32 days without measurable loss of activity), is showcased in the preparation of an industrially relevant fatty acid. Key‐to‐success is the use of a built‐in‐base ligand under acidic aqueous conditions. This catalytic system is expected to provide a basis for new cost‐competitive processes for the industrial production of carboxylic acids.     

菜茵衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）cbn1和cao突变基因的对比分析及CAO基因的分子定位

用电击法将带有CAO基因片段的Psp109-E8质粒转入到莱茵衣藻cbnl-48mt^＋基因突变株中后．转化子中出现了叶绿素b的恢复性表达，初步验证了丧失合成叶绿素b能力的cbn1和cao突变基因具有等位性的属性；将1641-1b（cbn1-43mt^＋）和CC-1354（cbn1-48mt^＋）突变株分别与CBS5（cao5mt^-）突变株的分离子CBS5-c1和CBS5-c5进行杂交．并通过随机分析方法分离获得1842个减数分裂后代分离子．经检测其中均没有发现有野生性表型的分离子．初步证明cbn1和cao4突变基因问有着非常紧密的连锁性；从上述杂交系分离获得的50多个四分子中也没有检测发现显示野生性表型的分离子．进一步证明了cbn1和cao突变基因具有等位性的属性；根据CAO基因的DNA序列，从5＇-端和3’-端设计两个探针，分别与莱茵衣藻核基因组I号染色体上GBP1和RB47分子标记之间的21个BAC克隆进行的点杂交实验结果显示．该两个探针序列与21号BAC克隆（莱茵衣藻BAC文库序列号33e2）片段均有同源区的特性，此项DNA杂交实验初步证明．CAO基因的位点是在cbml突 变基因左右两侧的GBP1和RB47两个分子标记之间的33e2 BAC克隆片段区．     

采自新疆北部Lecanora属的新记录地衣种

茶渍属地衣广泛分布于新疆北部.其基本特征为几乎都具有特久的子囊盘,子囊盘茶渍型.绝大多数茶渍属地衣适应于生活在干旱半干旱地区.它们对环境的适应性能力强.我们在进行分类的过程中,采用微量化学结晶法(MCT),薄层色谱法(TLC)等方法检测地衣物质,通过观察子囊盘结构、颜色和对地衣次生产物的分析,并对采自于新疆阿勒泰山哈纳斯自然保护区和天山天池所采集的茶渍属(Lecanora Ach.in Luyken) 300余号标本进行了整理及分类,初步定名新疆新记录地衣3种(Lecanora cenisia Ach , Lecanora crenulata,Lecanora intricata) ,本文对此三种新疆新记录地衣进行详细的描述并提供了三种新疆新记录地衣的彩色图片.所引用标本均保存于新疆大学资源植物标本室.     

氧吸附对CdS—CdSe烧结膜电导性能的影响

CdS—CdSe烧结膜具有显著的光敏特性。氧气在这种多晶薄膜上的吸附提高了薄膜中晶粒间的界现势垒,并改变了晶粒中的载流子浓度.表现在薄膜的电导率和电子迁移率随着氧气的吸附而下降.这种薄膜在空气中,50℃下经过30min的退火处理,晶粒间的界面势垒可提高约14meV,薄膜在氮气中的退火处理使界面势垒有所下降。     

Passivity and passification of time-delay systems

In this paper, the problems of passivity and passification of a class of linear time-delay systems are investigated. A new state-transformation is developed to exhibit the delay-dependence. It is established that the passivity condition can be cast in a linear matrix inequality (LMI) format. For state feedback passification, it is proven that it is indifferent to use instantaneous or delayed state-feedback. The case of dynamic output feedback passification is also treated. Numerical examples are provided.     

Gamma radiolysis of morin

Gamma irradiation studies of morin (10^–5M) in ethanol and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in the dose range of 149–895 Gy and of 4.5–45 Gy were carried out, respectively, in aerated and anoxic conditions purged with nitrogen and nitrous oxide. The decoloration yield of morin was studied as a function of dose. The relative radiation sensitivity was estimated under similar conditions. The effect of the concentration (10^–5–10^–4M) of iodine, succinic acid and acryl amide on radiolysis of morin was investigated at constant dose in both solvents and results were interpreted in terms of scavenging reactions.