负二项分布类的条件概率封闭性

在研究只允许部分服务台进入休假状态的多服务台M／M／c排队系统时，我们发现了条件Erlang分布的一些有趣的性质，进一步研究我们发现相对应离散随机状态的负二项分布也具有很好的性质（概率封闭性．本文证明了一类负二项分布的概率封闭性．它们对导出复杂排队系统中离散状态下顾客等待时问分布及保险公司中破产概率上界的计算起着重要作用．     

类钴氙离子入射Ni表面激发的红外光谱线和X射线谱

当高电荷态类钴氙离子（cobalt like -Xe, Xe²⁷⁺）入射金属Ni表面过程中,共振电子俘获释放势能完成中性化,形成多激发态的Xe原子,其外壳层电子退激辐射红外光谱线.入射离子特殊的势能释放方式、离子动能和金属表面引起离子增益的能量在极短的时间（飞秒量级）沉积靶平方纳米尺度的空间范围,引起靶表面原子激发和电离,形成复杂组态之间的跃迁,特别是偶极禁戒跃迁（电四极跃迁、磁偶极跃）和X射线发射.单离子X射线产额随入射离子的动能增加而增加. 关键词： 高电荷态离子 红外光谱线 X射线 禁戒跃迁     

Influences of nonlinear interactions of polaritons in uniaxial crystals

We have analysed theoretically the polarization and dielectric constant of uniaxial ionic crystals,including the effect of the nonlinear interactions between ions.The spectrum of polaritons(coupling modes of photons and optical phonons) under nonlinear interactions was developed.A new branch of dispersion relations emerges in the original frequency gap.     

圆扫描变像管人卫激光测距技术研究

在本文中,我们设计并研制了用于毫米级精度人卫激光测距的圆扫描时间分析系统。研制的圆扫描变像管理论时间分辨率可优于3ps,可用于双色测距;偏转灵敏度高达10cm/kV,偏转空间分辨率优于24lp/mm;利用双MCP内增强,增益～1×10⁶,并有门控功能以进一步提高信噪比和动态范围。扫描控制电路能提供300MHz、10W的正弦信号,其频率、幅度、相位稳定度均可满足要求。调试过程中较好地解决了阻抗变换、空间干扰和相位正交等关键问题。在仅2W的RF功率驱动下,即可实现稳定的φ24mm的圆扫描,系统实测时间分辨率达4.8ps。在实验室实测测距精度达亚毫米级。动态实验及模拟测距表明,该时间分析系统可满足第四代人卫激光测距系统的需要。     

A new method of detecting interferogram in differential phase-contrast imaging system based on special structured x-ray scintillator screen

An x-ray scintillator screen with a special structure,functioning as detector and analyser grating,was proposed for collecting the interferogram of differential phase contrast imaging without absorption grating and difficulty of fabrication by a state of the art technique.On the basis of phase grating diffraction,a detecting model of the scintillator screen was built for analysing the phase and absorption information of objects.According to the analysis,a new method of phase retrievals based on two-images and the optimal structure of screen were presented.     

一类非线性矩阵方程对称解的双迭代算法

利用逆矩阵的Neumann级数形式,将在Schur插值问题中遇到的含未知矩阵二次项之逆的非线性矩阵方程转化为高次多项式矩阵方程,然后采用牛顿算法求高次多项式矩阵方程的对称解,并采用修正共轭梯度法求由牛顿算法每一步迭代计算导出的线性矩阵方程的对称解或者对称最小二乘解,建立求非线性矩阵方程的对称解的双迭代算法.双迭代算法仅要求非线性矩阵方程有对称解,不要求它的对称解唯一,也不对它的系数矩阵做附加限定.数值算例表明,双迭代算法是有效的.     

硬X射线相位光栅的设计与研制

针对在普通实验室和医院实现40—100keVX射线相衬成像的需求,考虑到成像系统参数、X射线源空间相干特性及光栅衍射效率,设计出硅基相位光栅结构参数.利用我们已发展的光助电化学刻蚀技术研制出直径为5英寸的相位光栅,其空间周期为5.6μm,线宽为2.8μm,深度为40—70μm.在理论分析的基础上,通过提高硅片两端有效工作电压和修正Lehmann电流密度公式,解决了实际刻蚀过程中出现的钻蚀问题.由实验结果可知,本方案对制作大面积高精度相位光栅十分有效。     

Amphiphilic Core–Shell Nanocomposite Particles for Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A scalable synthesis of magnetic core–shell nanocomposite particles, acting as a novel class of magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents, has been developed. Each nanocomposite particle consists of a biocompatible chitosan shell and a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core where multiple aggregated γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles are confined within the hydrophobic core. Properties of the nanocomposite particles including their chemical structure, particle size, size distribution, and morphology, as well as crystallinity of the magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic properties were systematically characterized. Their potential application as an MR contrast agent has been evaluated. Results show that the nanocomposite particles have good stability in biological media and very low cytotoxicity in both L929 mouse fibroblasts (normal cells) and HeLa cells (cervical cancer cells). They also exhibited excellent MR imaging performance with a T₂ relaxivity of up to 364 mM_Fe^?1 s^?1. An in vivo MR test performed on a naked mouse bearing breast tumor indicates that the nanocomposite particles can localize in both normal liver and tumor tissues. These results suggest that the magnetic core–shell nanocomposite particles are an efficient, inexpensive and safe T₂‐weighted MR contrast agent for both liver and tumor MR imaging in cancer therapy.     

X射线光栅微分相衬成像视场分析

X射线光栅微分相衬成像对由轻元素构成的物质的内部探测具有传统吸收成像无法比拟的优势, 尤其在癌症的早期诊断和轻元素材料及器件的无损检测等领域应用潜力巨大. 大视场成像是影响该技术从实验室走向实际应用的重要因素. 针对大视场成像的客观需求, 基于菲涅耳衍射原理和光栅结构特征, 建立了量化物理模型用于分析影响成像视场的因素, 提出了实现大成像视场的有效途径, 为未来大视场光栅微分相衬成像方法的设计和应用提供理论依据.     

Influence of binding energies of electrons on nuclear mass predictions

Nuclear mass contains a wealth of nuclear structure information, and has been widely employed to extract the nuclear effective interactions. The known nuclear mass is usually extracted from the experimental atomic mass by subtracting the masses of electrons and adding the binding energy of electrons in the atom. However,the binding energies of electrons are sometimes neglected in extracting the known nuclear masses. The influence of binding energies of electrons on nuclear mass predictions are carefully investigated in this work. If the binding energies of electrons are directly subtracted from the theoretical mass predictions, the rms deviations of nuclear mass predictions with respect to the known data are increased by about 200 ke V for nuclei with Z, N 8. Furthermore, by using the Coulomb energies between protons to absorb the binding energies of electrons, their influence on the rms deviations is significantly reduced to only about 10 ke V for nuclei with Z, N 8. However, the binding energies of electrons are still important for the heavy nuclei, about 150 ke V for nuclei around Z = 100 and up to about 500 ke V for nuclei around Z = 120. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the binding energies of electrons to reliably predict the masses of heavy nuclei at an accuracy of hundreds of ke V.