Development of an efficient,one-pot,multicomponent protocol for synthesis of 8-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline derivatives

A one-pot quick and efficient multicomponent reaction has been developed for the synthesis of a new series of functionalized 8-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline derivatives using 30 mol% ammonium acetate in ethanol as solvent. This economical protocol run smoothly to give variety of quinoline derivatives in 55% to 98% yield from inexpensive reagents and catalyst in mild reaction conditions. Various spectroscopic techniques like FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS, and EI-MS were used to study and confirm their structure.     

Formation and its mechanism of copper metal layers at surface by annealing in reduced atmosphere in CuO–Li2O–Nb2O5–SiO2 glass

A trace amount (0.5 mol%) of CuO-doped 40Li₂O–32Nb₂O₅–28SiO₂ glass (mol%) exhibits the formation of copper metal layers at the glass surface by annealing at temperatures (530 °C) below the glass transition temperature (544 °C) in the reduced atmosphere of 7% H₂–93%Ar. The coordination state of copper ions is examined from optical absorption and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum measurements, indicating the formation of Si–OH and Si–H bonds due to the diffusion of hydrogen into the inside of the glass and the reduction of Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions. The mechanism of the formation of copper metals at the surface is proposed, in which the key points are the reduction of Cu²⁺ to Cu⁺ ions due to the hydrogen and the migration of Cu⁺ ions in the interior of the glass to the surface. The first finding on copper metal layers at the glass surface might have a potential for practical applications such as electrodes in glass.     

Development of a compact on-beam SEOP neutron spin filter

We have designed and demonstrated a prototype on-beam spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) ³He neutron spin filter (NSF). It is designed as the incident neutron polarizer for spallation neutron sources, where the installation space is limited due to thick radiation shielding. The size of the NSF is roughly 50 cm×50 cm×25 cm including the diode-laser optics with a frequency narrowing external cavity, and a cylindrical ³He cell as large as a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 10 cm can fit. A neutron beam test was performed at the NOP beamline of JRR-3 to see the performance of the NSF.     

Time-dependent non-linear size change of C<Subscript>60</Subscript>-ethylenediamine adduct particles in formation process

Addition reaction between C₆₀ and ethylenediamine occurred at room temperature in an ambient condition. C₆₀-ethylenediamine adduct particles were prepared by mixing toluene solutions of C₆₀ and ethyelenediamine. Average diameter of the C₆₀-ethylenediamine adduct particles was changed non-linearly according to the reaction time, which were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Early stage of the reaction, the diameter of the adduct particles was changed from about 250 to about 430 nm. Then, the size of the adduct particles was converged to about 300 nm. During this addition reaction, the crystalline sizes of adduct particles were constant about 2–3 nm, regardless of the sizes of the adduct particles, which were determined by X-ray diffraction measurement.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies on initial oxidation of iron and manganese mono-silicides

Initial oxidation of iron and manganese mono-silicides (FeSi and MnSi) surfaces was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Clean surfaces of these silicides were prepared by fracturing in an ultra high vacuum, and then the fractured surfaces were oxidized by exposing to high-purity oxygen at pressures up to 1.3 Pa. For the clean FeSi surface, positive chemical shifts of the Fe 2p_3/2 and Si 2p peaks from elemental Fe and Si were 0.5 eV and 0.1 eV, respectively. For the clean MnSi surface, a negative chemical shift of the Si 2p peak from elemental Si was 0.1 eV. Iron on the FeSi surface was oxidized at an oxygen pressure of 1.3 Pa, whereas the silicon was oxidized under the pressure of 1.3 × 10⁻⁶ Pa, indicating that oxidation of silicon occurred prior to that of iron. Manganese and silicon on the MnSi were simultaneously oxidized in the range from 1.3 × 10⁻⁶ Pa to 1.3 × 10⁻³ Pa; however, over the pressure of 1.3 Pa, the oxidation of manganese occurs prior to that of silicon. These oxidation behaviors at low oxygen pressures were similar to those of the FeSi and MnSi fractured in air.     

Scattering models for ultracold atoms

We present a review of scattering models that can be used to describe the low-energy behavior of identical bosonic atoms. In the simplest models, the only degrees of freedom are atoms in the same spin state. More elaborate models have other degrees of freedom, such as atoms in other spin states or diatomic molecules. The parameters of the scattering models are specified by giving the S-wave phase shifts for scattering of atoms in the spin state of primary interest. The models are formulated as local quantum field theories and the renormalization of their coupling constants is determined. Some of the parameters can be constrained by renormalizability or by the absence of negative-norm states. The Green’s functions that describe the evolution of two-atom states are determined analytically. They are used to determine the T-matrix elements for atom-atom scattering and the binding energies of diatomic molecules. The scattering models all exhibit universal behavior as the scattering length in a specific spin state becomes large.     

Mutual interference coefficients obtained for 639 emission lines of 68 elements in routine analysis by ICP-AES

In our previous report [1], a practical method to obtain spectral interference coefficients and to select analytical lines in ICP-AES has been suggested.The coefficients were defined as apparent mass of the analyte corresponding to the spectral interference observed for unit mass of the interferent. In this report, data of the experimentally obtained mutual interference coefficients among 639 emission lines of 68 elements are presented. The data would be also useful for different resolution spectrometers in routine analysis, they are presented on 69 Tables as Supplementary Electronic Material.     

Volume phase transition of methacryloyl‐L‐alanine copolymer hydrogels controlled by the terminal groups in the side chains

The volume phase transition of nonionic hydrogels was controlled with a very small amount of variation (pinpoint variation) of the side chains far from the main chain. The copolymer hydrogels poly(methacryloyl‐alanine methyl ester‐co‐methacryloyl‐alanine ethyl ester) [poly(MA‐Ala‐OMe‐co‐MA‐Ala‐OEt)] and poly(methacryloyl‐alanine alkylamide‐co‐methacryloyl‐alanine ethyl ester) [poly(MA‐Ala‐NR₂‐co‐MA‐Ala‐OEt)] were studied to investigate how pinpoint variation controls the volume phase transition. All copolymer hydrogels showed a volume phase transition from a swollen phase to a collapsed phase at a definite MA‐Ala‐OEt content at a specific temperature. The MA‐Ala‐OEt content at the midpoint of the transition linearly decreased with elevation of the temperature, and the decrease was larger for poly(MA‐Ala‐OMe‐co‐MA‐Ala‐OEt) than for poly(MA‐Ala‐NR₂‐co‐MA‐Ala‐OEt). These results suggest that the association of the side chains controlling the swelling character of the hydrogels depends on the interacting ester–ester or ester–amide groups, and the former is larger than the latter. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 56–62, 2001     

Introducing CdS into two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals

SiO₂/air three-dimensional (3D) periodic structures were fabricated by removing Si layers partially from Si/SiO₂ 3D photonic crystals (PhCs) formed by using autocloning. CdS/SiO₂ 3D periodic structures were formed by introducing CdS into the SiO₂/air structures by the TEA method and photoluminescence (PL) was observed from the introduced CdS. TiO₂/air/CdS two-dimensional (2D) PhCs were also fabricated by introducing CdS into the voids of TiO₂/air 2D periodic structures, in which SiO₂ layers were partially etched out from TiO₂/SiO₂ 2D PhCs fabricated by using autocloning. PL radiating normal to the surface was measured and large polarization dependence was observed.     

Photoelectron spectral intensities of some first transition series elements in metal cyanides containing inequivalent atoms

Photoelectron spectral intensities of some first transition series elements were studied for metal cyanides containing inequivalent atoms. The spectra of low-spin ions coordinated via carbon to the cyanide ion, and of high-spin ions coordinated through nitrogen were separately obtained from manganese, iron, and cobalt cyanides. Metal 2p spectra obtained as sums of the appropriate spectra of low- and high-spin ions were nearly coincident with the spectra of the compounds containing inequivalent atoms. These results show that the intensity of the 2p electron for each atom must include the main peak and perhaps multiplet splitting effects, shake-up effects, and the inelastic scattering tail, and verify the non-interaction nature of the inequivalent atoms in these compounds.