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41.
The super-resolution mastering of read-only optical disks using a photoreactive bleachable dye mask layer was theoretically analyzed. Equations have been derived which describe the photoreactions of the resist layer and mask layer. A numerical simulation based on these equations showed that the transmittance of the mask directly affects the quality of the formed pit shape. A high-quality pit shape is obtained by using a low transmittance mask.  相似文献   
42.
Electronic states of P donors in Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) embedded in insulating glass matrices have been studied by electron spin resonance. Doping of P donors into nc-Si was demonstrated by the observation of optical absorption in the infrared region due to intraconduction band transitions. P hyperfine structure (hfs) was successfully observed at low temperatures. The observed splitting of the hfs was found to be much larger than that of the bulk Si:P and depended strongly on the size of nc-Si. The observed strong size dependence indicates that the enhancement of the hyperfine splitting is caused by the quantum confinement of P donors in nc-Si.  相似文献   
43.
Objective assessment of gastrointestinal mucosal color is extremely important in the endoscopic diagnosis of digestive tract disease. In this paper, we propose a method to clarify the spectral characteristics of gastric and colon cancer. A large number of spectral reflectance data of mucous membrane are measured by the endoscopic spectroscopy system (ESS) in the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan and the Department of Internal Medicine, Self-Defense Force Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. We assume that early cancer appears primarily in the spectral data of short wavelength, because it is usually present in a superficial cell where short wavelength light is scattered more strongly than long wavelength light. To identify the features in the short wavelength components, the spectral reflectance was divided by the reflectance of a long wavelength. We investigated the possibility of distinguishing early cancer from normal spectral data through statistical analysis, employing the projection axis as the mean difference between them. Early cancer and normal spectral data were projected on the projection axis, and the Student’s T-test was applied to evaluate the mean of the distribution between these data.  相似文献   
44.
Titanate nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared from TiO2 P25 via hydrothermal method. The reaction temperature was 130 or 140 °C and the reaction time was 24 or 48 h. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and N2 adsorption as well as Raman, FTIR-DRS and UV-vis/DR spectroscopy. The obtained samples exhibited similar properties, regardless of the preparation temperature and time. The most notable difference between properties of TNTs prepared under different conditions was observed in case of BET surface area, which was increasing from 386 to 478 m2/g along with increasing the reaction time and temperature. Based on TEM, XRD and TG measurements we have suggested that the structure of TNTs was H2Ti2O4(OH)2. The TEM and Raman spectroscopy measurements showed that the obtained products contained also low amount of anatase phase. The TNTs exhibited no photoactivity towards degradation of model azo dye Acid Red 18. However, TNTs were successfully applied for photocatalytic generation of CH4 and H2 in a solution of acetic acid. The amount of methane produced with application of TNTs synthesized at 140 °C was about 2.5 times higher than that generated with use of TiO2 P25. To the best of our knowledge this is a first report on the photocatalytic generation of hydrocarbons using TNTs in the current state of the art.  相似文献   
45.
Color Conversion Method for Multiprimary Display Using Matrix Switching   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The range of reproducible color, i.e., color gamut, of conventional three-primary display devices is sometimes insufficient for reproducing the natural color of an object through color imaging systems. A multiprimary display is being developed for the purpose of reproducing an expanded color gamut using more than three primary colors. In this paper, a color conversion method is proposed to reproduce the natural color by additive mixture of multiprimary colors. The multiprimary color signal in this conversion method is calculated from the three-dimensional color coordinates CIE-XYZ, considering the dynamic range of each primary color. Divided into some linear elements from the polyhedral color solid of the multiprimary display, the conversion considering the constraint of the dynamic range can be performed by simple calculation without iterative calculation or a huge three-dimensional look up table. A fast computation method with a two-dimensional look-up-table is also presented. Using the proposed method, the result of the color reproduction is experimentally demonstrated by a six-primary projection display.  相似文献   
46.
Silica (SiO2)-coated ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles were prepared using water-in-oil microemulsion. Polyoxyethylene (15) cetylether and cyclohexane were used as a surfactant and organic solvent. SiO2-coated CeO2 nanoparticles were obtained by hydrolysis of metal alkoxide (tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS) in the solution containing CeO2 precursor nanoparticles. The effects of CeO2 sources (Ce metal salt) and CeO2 particle-forming agents on the morphology of SiO2–CeO2 particles were investigated. Observation via transmission electron microscopy revealed that the type of particle-forming agent affected the nanoparticles' morphology and that CeO2 nanoparticles were spherically coated with SiO2 when using oxalic acid ((COOH)2) as a particle-forming agent of CeO2. Furthermore, the transmittance of the particles was high in the visible region (above 400 nm) and decreased in the ultraviolet region.  相似文献   
47.
Changes in the fluorescence intensity of polyanions bearing 4-acryloylbenzo-18-crown-6 units on the addition of cations were studied in a mixed solvent of methanol and water at 30°C. The sensitivity of the change in fluorescence intensities of the polymers toward cations was strongly enhanced compared to that of the corresponding model compound. When alkali metal cations were added, the fluorescence intensity of the polymers decreased in the orders Li+>Na+>Cs+>Rb+>K+ in a methanol-water (19) mixture and Li+>Na+>Rb+>K+Cs+ in a methanol-water (91) mixture. Alkaline earth metal cations and alkylamine hydrochlorides decreased the fluorescence intensity of the polymers in a methanol-water (19) mixture. The cation-dependent decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the polymers was affected by the water fraction in a mixed solvent of methanol and water.  相似文献   
48.
49.
We developed a high radiation sensitive polymer gel by modifying the amounts of the gel components and the temperature for the gel preparation. We evaluated its relaxation time linearity against dose and compared the measured dose distribution with the calculated one. For the relaxation time-dose linearity, irradiations were carried out with a linear accelerator using 6 MV photons and doses ranging from 0-5.0 Gy. The relationship between dose and R(2) value (reciprocal of T(2) relaxation time) was measured and it had good linearity over a wide range (0.3-5 Gy). The measured dose distributions were in good agreement with calculated ones. Since the present gel has higher sensitivity and it is synthesized more easily at lower cost than conventional polymer gels, we expect to see improved three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry using it.  相似文献   
50.
We observed the lasing of highly sensitized Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic disks that use artificial solar radiation pumping. The disk material can be used for high power multi-stage amplifiers pumped by lamplight or sunlight because of its scalability and ability to handle high power densities. A maximum output power of 86 mW was experimentally obtained, and this value correlated well with the calculated results. A small signal gain of 1.9 was obtained, and the estimated stored energy was 0.6 J/cm3, which is three or four times higher than that from a Nd:YAG medium.  相似文献   
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