Rapid Validated Thin-Layer Chromatography—Densitometry for the Simultaneous Determination of Three Co-formulated Drugs Used for Common Cold Treatment

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A rapid validated thin-layer chromatography (TLC)—densitometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination...     

Erratum to: Study of the structural,electrical and optical properties of Ge-Pb-Te nanocrystals

This erratum corrects a mistake happened in Figure 1 in the article. In the recent version Figure 1 is incorrect, we need to exchange it with the correct figure attached with this erratum.     

Diorganotin(IV) Complexes of Some Schiff Bases With a Potential Biological Activity

Diorganotin dichloride compounds, Rl₂SnCl₂ (R=Me, nBu, Ph) react with Schiff bases (L), derived from substituted and non-substituted 2- or 3-aminopyridine with 2-hydroxy-, 2-methoxy- or 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde in a 1 : 1 molar ratio, to give complexes of general formula R₂SnCl₂·L. It is suggested that the Schiff bases coordinate with tin in bidentate fashion to give hexacoordinate tin species. Almost all the complexes prepared show some 1 : 1 molar conductivity in ethanol and DMF, indicating on R₂Sn(L)Cl⁺ Cl⁻ ionic structure type. The complexes were screened against seven species of bacteria.     

Microwave-assisted and thermal synthesis of nanosized thiazolyl-phenothiazine derivatives and their biological activities

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Efficient synthesis of a series of nanosized phenothiazine derivatives incorporating thiazole moiety was achieved using microwave irradiation as well as thermal...     

Evaluation of newly synthesized derivatives of bis(hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide) and their metal complexes synthesized in bulk and nano size as potent anticancer agents

A series of new metal complexes were synthesized in both bulk and nano size using green methods, starting with the reaction of (E)‐N′‐[(E)‐2‐bromobenzylidene]‐4‐oxo‐4‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)but‐2‐enehydrazide with thiosemicarbazide and different metal halides such as CuI·2H₂O, CuCl₂·2H₂O, CoCl₂·2H₂O, and ZnCl₂·2H₂O, and metal nitrate such as Ga(NO₃)₃·2H₂O. Structures of these metal complexes were confirmed using different spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis, electronic spectra, and microanalytical methods (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) for nano complexes. The distorted octahedral geometry for all complexes was suggested based on magnetic moments and electronic spectral studies. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds was investigated against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human colorectal carcinoma (HCT‐116) cell lines. Most tested compounds had higher inhibitory activity than the standard vinblastine drug. Interestingly, the nano‐sized Ga(III) complex 11 was the most potent compound against the two tested cell lines, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 2.56 μg/mL for HepG2, compared with the reference drug vinblastine (IC₅₀ 15.6 μg/mL), and IC₅₀ 4.64 μg/mL for HCT‐116, compared with the standard (IC₅₀ 13.9 μg/mL). The bioassay results helped us identify new potent and selective anticancer agents.     

Characterisation and performance of three promising heterogeneous catalysts in transesterification of palm oil

In this work, the performance of three heterogeneous catalysts, namely potassium hydroxide/γ-alumina, bulk calcium oxide, and nano-calcium oxide, in comparison with the homogeneous potassium hydroxide was studied in the transesterification of palm oil to produce methyl esters and glycerol. The physical and chemical properties of the heterogeneous catalysts were thoroughly characterised and determined using a number of analytical methods to assess their catalytic activities prior to transesterification. The reaction products were analysed using liquid chromatography and their properties were quantified based on the American Society of Testing and Materials and United State Pharmacopoeia standard methods. At the 65°C reaction temperature, the oil-to-methanol mole ratio of 1: 15, 2.5 h of the reaction time, and catalyst (φ _r = 1: 40), potassium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide/γ-alumina, nano-calcium oxide, and bulk calcium oxide gave methyl ester yields of 97 %, 96 %, 94 %, and 90 %, respectively. The impregnation of γ-alumina with potassium hydroxide displayed a catalytic performance comparable with the performance of potassium hydroxide where the former could be physically separated via filtration resulting in a relatively greater purity of products. Other advantages included the longer reusability of the catalyst and more active sites with lower by-product formation.     

Presimplifiable and Cyclic Group Rings

Let R be any commutative ring with identity, and let C be a (finite or infinite) cyclic group. We show that the group ring R(C) is presimplifiable if and only if its augmentation ideal I(C) is presimplifiable. We conjecture that the group rings R(C _n ) are presimplifiable if and only if n = p ^m , p ∈ J(R), p is prime, and R is presimplifiable. We show the necessity of n = p ^m , and we prove the sufficiency when n = 2, 3, 4. These results were made possible by a new formula derived herein for the circulant determinantal coefficients.     

Ziziphus nummularia Attenuates the Malignant Phenotype of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells: Role of ROS

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of all cancer-related deaths. Despite major improvements in treating PC, low survival rate remains a major challenge, indicating the need for alternative approaches, including herbal medicine. Among medicinal plants is Ziziphus nummularia (family Rhamnaceae), which is a thorny shrub rich in bioactive molecules. Leaves of Ziziphus nummularia have been used to treat many pathological conditions, including cancer. However, their effects on human PC are still unknown. Here, we show that the treatment of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (Capan-2) with Ziziphus nummularia ethanolic extract (ZNE) (100–300 μg/mL) attenuated cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger, attenuated the anti-proliferative effect of ZNE. In addition, ZNE significantly decreased the migratory and invasive capacity of Capan-2 with a concomitant downregulation of integrin α₂ and increased cell–cell aggregation. In addition, ZNE inhibited in ovo angiogenesis as well as reduced VEGF and nitric oxide levels. Furthermore, ZNE downregulated the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which are known to drive tumorigenic and metastatic events. Taken together, our results suggest that ZNE can attenuate the malignant phenotype of Capan-2 by inhibiting hallmarks of PC. Our data also provide evidence for the potential anticancer effect of Ziziphus nummularia, which may represent a new resource of novel anticancer compounds, especially ones that can be utilized for the management of PC.     

Synthesis of Certain Fused Thienopyrimidines of Biological Interest

4‐(4‐Acetylphenylamino)cycloocteno[4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine ( 4 ) was prepared and condensed with certain aldehydes, phenylhydrazine, malononitrile to obtain 5a‐d , 6 and 7 , respectively. 4‐Hydrazino & 4‐substituted amino derivatives of 2‐arylcycloocteno[4,5]thienopyrimidines 10a‐c & 11a‐i were synthesized. Cyclization of the hydrazino compounds 10a‐c with orthoalkanoate esters or the arylidene derivatives 12a‐c with bromine in acetic acid afforded the fused triazolo system 13a‐i . Reaction of the hydrazino compound 10c with acetic anhydride gave 15 while the reaction of 10b,c with acid chlorides gave 16a‐d . Furthermore, the tetrazolothienopyrimidines 17a‐c were synthesized. Some of the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity.     

Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of some novel hexahydroquinoline derivatives containing benzofuran moiety

A series of new ethyl 4-(2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-4-substituted-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinolin-1-yl)-benzoate 3a–c was synthesized by Michael condensation of benzofuran chalcones 1a–c and cyclohexanone to give 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-4-substituted-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-H -chromene 2a–c, followed by reaction of the latter with ethyl 4-aminobenzoate. Condensation of 3a–c with different amines afforded the corresponding amides 4a–e. On the other hand, upon treatment compounds 3a–c with hydrazine hydrate gave the benzohydrazide derivatives 5a–c. The reaction of compounds 5a–c with different thio/isocyanate gave the corresponding thiosemicarbazide and semicarbazide derivatives 6a–c. Meanwhile compounds 5a–c were reacted with ethyl cyanoacetate and different β-dicarbonyl compounds such as acetyl acetone, ethyl acetoacetate, and diethyl malonate to afford pyrazolyl derivatives 7a, b; 8a, b; 9a, b; and 10a–c, respectively. Moreover, 5a–c were reacted with carbon disulfide to synthesize the corresponding oxadiazolyl derivatives 11a–c, while their condensation with different aromatic aldehydes gave the corresponding Schiff bases 12a–d. Cytotoxic evaluation of some of the newly synthesized compounds against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG-2) revealed that the tested compounds produce promising inhibitory effect against the growth of HepG-2 cells with IC₅₀ values ranged from 11.9 to 19.3 µg/mL.