Helical structures from an isotropic homopolymer model

We present Monte Carlo simulation results for square-well homopolymers at a series of bond lengths. Although the model contains only isotropic pairwise interactions, under appropriate conditions this system shows spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, where the chain exists in either a left- or a right-handed helical structure. We investigate how this behavior depends upon the ratio between bond length and monomer radius.     

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using herbal Acorus calamus rhizome extract and coating on cotton fabric for antibacterial and UV blocking applications

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been synthesized by greener method using chloroauric acid as precursor and extract of Acorus calamus rhizome as reducing agent. Formation of AuNP was confirmed by the presence of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak in UV–Visible spectral analysis. XRD and FT-IR spectral analyses were performed for characterization. SEM images show spherical morphology and HR-TEM images reveal nanosize of AuNPs. The AuNPs were then coated on cotton fabric by pad-dry-cure method and characterized by SEM with EDAX technique. The results reveal the deposition of AuNPs on the surface of cotton fabric. Uncoated cotton, neat extract coated cotton and extract containing AuNPs coated cotton fabrics were then tested for antibacterial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains by AATCC 100 test method. It showed that the extract containing AuNPs coated cotton fabric had higher antibacterial activity than other test samples against E. coli. UV-DRS analysis performed on extract containing AuNPs coated cotton fabric showed improved UV-blocking property than uncoated cotton fabric and neat extract coated cotton fabric.     

Some observations on the accumulation potential in adsorptive stripping voltammetry

A newly named parameter, “initial scan potential”, the potential from which the voltammetric scan starts rather than the widely accepted accumulation potential, has been found to be responsible for some of the important features of voltammograms obtained in the adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) of some organochlorine compounds (DDT, Dieldrin, 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The experimental evidence reported strongly confirms the nonfaradaic nature of the preconcentration step in adsorptive stripping voltammetry.     

Electrochemical reduction of copper(II) galacturonate

The complexes formed in the interaction between copper(II) anda-andβ-galacturonic acid, in the pH range 2.5–11.0, have been investigated by means of d.c. polarography and cyclic voltammetry. Witha-galacturonic acid, no complex is formed with copper up to pH 6. Between pH 6 and about 9.5, a complex is formed in solution. Above pH 9.5, the complex appears to break up releasing the ligand. In the case of β-galacturanic acid, no complex is formed until pH 3.5, and persists in solution up to a pH of about 9.5. A second complex forms above pH 6.9 and co-exists with the first complex up to pH 9.5. The complexes formed with both forms of galacturonic acid were studied and the stability constant of the coppera-galacturonate determined.     

The determination of periodate by infrared spectroscopy

An infrared method has been developed to determine periodate on the microgram scale. Periodate is precipitated in slightly acid solution with tetraphenylarsonium chloride and in presence of perchlorate as carrier. The precipitate is mixed with powdered potassium bromide and pressed into a disc. The base-line absorbance of the periodate band at 11.68 μ is calculated in order to find the concentration of periodate from a calibration curve. No interference is caused by perchlorate, permanganate, perrhenate, chlorate, iodate or bromate.     

The determination of nitrate by infrared spectroscopy

Summary Nitrate may be determined by precipitation with nitron acetate and determination of the absorbance at 7.3 in a potassium bromide disc. The results are reproducible at milligram levels with a standard deviation of around ±5%. The presence of twice the amount of nitrite, perchlorate, bromate, chlorate, chromate, periodate or iodide has no significant effect on the determination.

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Zusammenfassung Nach Fällung mit Nitronacetat läßt sich Nitrat durch Messung der Absorption bei 7,3 in Kaliumbromid bestimmen. Die Resultate sind im Milligramm-Maßstab mit einer Standardabweichung von etwa ±5% reproduzierbar. Die gleichzeitige Anwesenheit der doppelten Menge Nitrit, Perchlorat, Bromat, Chlorat, Chromat, Perjodat oder Jodid hat keinen merklichen Einfluß auf die Bestimmung.

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Résumé On peut doser les nitrates par précipitation par l'acétate de nitron et mesure de l'absorption à 7,3 sur pastille en bromure de potassium. Les résultats sont reproductibles à l'échelle du milligramme avec une déviation standard de ±5% environ. La présence d'une quantité double de nitrites, perchlorates, bromates, chlorates, chromates, periodates ou iodures ne produit pas d'effet important sur le dosage.

     

Bayesian stratified random sampling using auxiliary information

Summary Smith (1976,J. R. Statist. Soc., A,139, 183–204) has argued that survey statisticians should attempt to model finite population structures in the same way that statisticians in other disciplines have to provide models of finite or infinite populations. Following this argument, we suggest in this paper that an obvious model for a stratified population when auxiliary information regarding variate values is available, is the one way analysis of covariance model with unequal variances and we consider the problem of estimating the finite population mean. Finally a possible extension of this result is discussed.