Polyazamacrocycles VI. Homo-trimetallic copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes with a new tri-cavity macrocycle

Summary A new tri-cavity decaaza macrocycle (TCM) has been synthesised by the condensation of tetra(aminopropyl)-cyclam with diethanolamine. The new macrocyclic ligand forms tri-nuclear complexes, [Cu₃(TCM)(H₂O)₂]-(ClO₄)₆ and [Ni₃(TCM)(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₆.     

Optimal reconstruction of the solution of the wave equation from inaccurate initial data

In the present paper, we consider the problem of the optimal reconstruction of the solution of the wave equation from the approximate values of the Fourier coefficients of the function specifying the initial form of the string. For an operator defined on the weight space of vectors from l ₂, we present the solution of the more general problem of reconstruction from the approximate values of the coordinates of these vectors.     

Dimensional variation in production of high-aspect-ratio micro-pillars array by micro powder injection molding

Micro powder injection molding (μPIM) is one of the potential processes for the mass production of metallic microstructures and micro components. Here, μPIM is the miniaturization of conventional PIM, which involves four processing steps: mixing, injection molding, debinding and sintering. This paper looks into the feasibility and effectiveness of μPIM as a key mass production process for the fabrication of metallic micro components. For it to be an effective re-production process, it is imperative to examine how well parts can be duplicated/fabricated from a master mold. In this work, the dimensional variation of high-aspect-ratio micro-pillars arrays, in particular the dimensional shrinkage, global warpage, and surface roughness at each stage of the μPIM process for a range of molding pressures, are quantified and compared in detail. The sensitivity of the dimensional variation of the microstructures to the packing pressure is reported. The mechanism behind the dimensional variation is analyzed. PACS 81.20.Ev; 81.20.Hy; 81.70.Fy; 07.60.Ly; 81.05.-t     

Generalization of Einstein relation for doped organic semiconductors

Under the assumption of Gaussian energy distributions of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), analytical expressions of generalized Einstein relation for electron and hole transport in doped organic semiconductor thin films are developed. Numerical calculations show that, although traditional Einstein relation still holds for low carrier concentrations, that is, the diffusion-coefficient-to-mobility ratio in units of k_BT/q, with k_B the Boltzmann’s constant, T the temperature and q the elementary charge, equals 1. But when the electron (hole) concentration is high, the diffusion-coefficient-to-mobility ratio for electrons (holes) changes strongly with the electron (hole) concentration, the doping level, the mean energy of LUMOs (HOMOs) of the dopant E_Ld (E_Hd) and the host E_L (E_H), as well as their variances. Dopants with E_Ld<E_L (E_Hd>E_H) affect the diffusion-coefficient-to-mobility ratio mainly in the range of low and middle carrier concentrations, while those with E_Ld>E_L (E_Hd<E_H) have significant effect only in the range of high carrier concentrations. It was found that there can be a maximum in the dependence of the diffusion-coefficient-to-mobility ratio on the quasi-Fermi energy or carrier concentration exist, for appropriate values of the doping level, the mean energy and variance of LUMO or HOMO states of the dopant. PACS 71.20.Rv; 72.90.+y; 73.50.-h     

Radio-frequency controllable quantum interference in Mössbauer spectroscopy

The role of quantum interference (QI) in spectra of the resonant Mössbauer scattering is investigated. As a mechanism ensuring the QI conditions, the radio-frequency (RF) mixing of the spin sublevels of the excited nuclear state is considered. It is shown that QI leads to a significant intensity redistribution of the elastic and Raman scattering.     

Comment on breakup densities of hot nuclei

In [V.E. Viola et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 132701, D.S. Bracken et al., Phys. Rev. C 69 (2004) 034612] the observed decrease in spectral peak energies of IMFs emitted from hot nuclei was interpreted in terms of a breakup density that decreased with increasing excitation energy. Subsequently, Raduta et al. [Ad. Raduta et al., Phys. Lett. B 623 (2005) 43] performed MMM simulations that showed decreasing spectral peaks could be obtained at constant density. In this Letter we point out that this apparent inconsistency is due to a selective comparison of theory and data that overlooks the evolution of the fragment multiplicities as a function of excitation energy.     

Analysis of atomic arrangement in magnetic Fe–Pt nanoparticles

The order parameter S of Fe–Pt nanoparticles is estimated from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The total intensity of a diffraction peak is obtained by Rietveld analysis as well as simply integrating the intensity. The Rietveld analysis is found to provide a plausible value of S even for a sample showing an XRD pattern with broad and overlapped peaks. Another order parameter Q, which is obtained from Mössbauer spectra, is introduced, and it is confirmed that Q is equivalent to the probability of Fe atoms being in the L1₀-type atomic arrangement. The coercivity of Fe–Pt nanoparticles is directly proportional to Q, while it vanishes at S=0.4, indicating that the magnetic property of Fe–Pt nanoparticles has a closer relationship to Q than S.     

Cathodoluminescence study of extended defects in hydrothermal ZnO crystals

Understanding the luminescence of ZnO is very important for some applications. In spite of the many studies carried out, there are still some points concerning the origin of some of the luminescence emissions in ZnO crystals that require additional study; in particular, the role of extended defects remains to be a matter of controversy. We present here a cathodoluminescence analysis of the defects generated by Vickers indentation in hydrothermal HTT crystals. Special emphasis was paid to the luminescence band peaking around 3.3 eV. The origin of this band is a matter of controversy, since it has been related to different causes, extended defects being one of the candidates for this emission. The CL images were acquired around crystal defects. It is observed that the 3.3 eV emission is enhanced around the crystal defects; though it is also observed, but weaker, out of the defect regions, which suggests that there exist two luminescence emissions peaking very close to 3.3 eV. The two emissions, one related to structural defects and the other to the LO phonon replica of the free excitonic band, appear very close each other and their relative intensity should determine the shape of the spectrum.     

Time interval distributions of atoms in atomic beams

We report an experimental investigation of two-particle correlations between neutral atoms in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment. Both an atom laser beam and a pseudo-thermal atomic beam are extracted from a Bose–Einstein condensate and the atom flux is measured with a single atom counter. We determine the conditional and the unconditional detection probabilities for the atoms in the beam and find good agreement with the theoretical predictions. PACS 03.75.Pp; 05.30.Jp; 07.77.Gx; 42.50.Pq