全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1793篇 |
免费 | 184篇 |
国内免费 | 152篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1393篇 |
晶体学 | 18篇 |
力学 | 92篇 |
综合类 | 12篇 |
数学 | 173篇 |
物理学 | 441篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 49篇 |
2020年 | 49篇 |
2019年 | 61篇 |
2018年 | 55篇 |
2017年 | 43篇 |
2016年 | 67篇 |
2015年 | 76篇 |
2014年 | 80篇 |
2013年 | 136篇 |
2012年 | 143篇 |
2011年 | 171篇 |
2010年 | 87篇 |
2009年 | 102篇 |
2008年 | 110篇 |
2007年 | 86篇 |
2006年 | 93篇 |
2005年 | 86篇 |
2004年 | 80篇 |
2003年 | 60篇 |
2002年 | 103篇 |
2001年 | 74篇 |
2000年 | 48篇 |
1999年 | 49篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2129条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
A general and practical one‐pot synthesis of naphthopyran derivatives using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTMAB) as catalyst (10 mol%) is described. This method provides several advantages such as neutral conditions, high yields and simple workup procedure. The catalyst is low cost, facile, active, environmentally friendly, and reusable. In addition, water is chosen as a green solvent. 相似文献
92.
Tetsuyuki Taniai Sachiko Wakasugi Susumu Hashimoto Ai Shimada Tatsuya Urabe Kazuya Takahashi 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(5):601-612
To obtain information on the environmental impact of materials eluted from volcanic ashes of Mt. Oyama, Miyake Island, which erupted in July 2000, the dissolution behaviours of heavy metals and rare-earth elements from the volcanic ashes were examined. The most important characteristic of the Mt. Oyama eruption is that sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas has been continuously released, and all persons living on Miyake Island have been required to evacuate. To estimate in terms of the volcanic eruption using SO2 gas, the ash nature in Mt. Usu, Hokkaido, was also examined and compared with that in Mt. Oyama. When rain water mixed the ashes, the water from the ashes of Mt. Oyama became acidic because of the sulphuric acid. Therefore, SO2 gas in Mt. Oyama can accelerate the dissolution of protons and heavy metals in the ashes, whereas the rain water in Mt. Usu was not acidic and the dissolution of the heavy metals was not so evident compared with that in the case of Mt. Oyama. With this sulphuric acid, heavy metals such as As, Cd, Pb and Hg in the ashes in Mt. Oyama easily dissolved owing to the low pH. The ashes in Mt. Oyama had been released for eight years and the amount of fallen ashes was estimated to be 33 billion tons. The weights of the harmful heavy metals in the volcanic ashes, such as As, Cd, Pb and Hg, were estimated to be 3.8?×?102, 1.3?×?103, 1.1?×?103 and 29?kg, respectively, and these heavy metals were dissolved and diluted in seawater. Therefore, the concentration and species (chemical form) of these metals should be carefully monitored in the future. Moreover, SO2 gas, which has a direct effect on human health and has been monitored continuously, causes other effects, such as facilitation of metal ion elution and rock aeration. 相似文献
93.
Four 3D lanthanide organic frameworks from potassium pyrazine‐2, 3, 5, 6‐tetracarboxylate (K4pztc) or potassium pyridine‐2, 3, 5, 6‐tetracarboxylate (K4pdtc), namely, {[KEu(pztc)(H2O)2] · H2O}n ( 1 ), {[KTb(pztc)(H2O)2] · 1.25H2O}n ( 2 ), {[KLn(pdtc)(H2O)] · H2O}n [Ln = Gd ( 3 ), Ho ( 4 )], were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding lanthanide oxides with K4pztc or K4pdtc in presence of HCl under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by elemental analysis, TGA, IR and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as X‐ray diffraction. In complexes 1 and 2 , the dodecadentate chelator pztc4– links four LnIII ions and four KI ions. The coordination mode of the pztc4– ligand is reported for the first time herein. Complexes 3 and 4 are isostructural with earlier reported Nd, Dy, Er complexes. Moreover, the EuIII and TbIII complexes exhibit the characteristic luminescence. 相似文献
94.
Xin Ma Lien B. Lai Stella M. Lai Akiko Tanimoto Mark P. Foster Vicki H. Wysocki Venkat Gopalan 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,126(43):11667-11671
We demonstrate that surface‐induced dissociation (SID) coupled with ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) is a powerful tool for determining the stoichiometry of a multi‐subunit ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex assembled in a solution containing Mg2+. We investigated Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) RNase P, an archaeal RNP that catalyzes tRNA 5′ maturation. Previous step‐wise, Mg2+‐dependent reconstitutions of Pfu RNase P with its catalytic RNA subunit and two interacting protein cofactor pairs (RPP21⋅RPP29 and POP5⋅RPP30) revealed functional RNP intermediates en route to the RNase P enzyme, but provided no information on subunit stoichiometry. Our native MS studies with the proteins showed RPP21⋅RPP29 and (POP5⋅RPP30)2 complexes, but indicated a 1:1 composition for all subunits when either one or both protein complexes bind the cognate RNA. These results highlight the utility of SID and IM‐MS in resolving conformational heterogeneity and yielding insights on RNP assembly. 相似文献
95.
The photoactivity of CdS nanorods was greatly improved by amino functionalized accordion-like MXene and spherical ZnSnO3. MXene possesses good electron transfer capability and ZnSnO3 presents matched energy band with CdS, which deeply accelerate the electron transfer and prevent the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pair, leading to a strong photoelectrochemical (PEC) response. Taking the merit of the improved photoactivity of CdS nanorods, a novel PEC biosensor was constructed for DNA hydromethylation detection based on immune recognition of target molecule, where 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine triphosphate (5hmdCTP) was employed as detect target, CdS/MXene was used as photoactive material, and ZnSnO3 was adopted as signal amplification unit. Under enzymatic covalent reaction of –CH2OH of 5hmdCTP with –NH2 of MXene, 5hmdCTP was specifically recognized and captured. Then, taking advantages of the covalent reaction between phosphate group of 5hmdCTP and ZnSnO3, the signal amplification unit was captured. Under the optimum conditions, this PEC biosensor presents wide linear range of 0.008–100 nM and low detection limit of 4.21 pM (3σ). The applicability of the developed method was evaluated by investigating the effect of Cd2+ and perfluorohexane compound pollutant on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine content in the genomic DNA of the roots and leaves of wheat seedlings. 相似文献
96.
Nanomaterials with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) locating in the near-infrared region have broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine. However, the biggest problem that limits the biomedical application of such nanomaterials lies in two aspects: First, the potential long-term in vivo toxicity caused by the metabolism of many nanomaterials with LSPR effect; Second, most of current nanomaterials with LSPR effect are difficult to achieve LSPR wavelength tunability in the near-infrared region to adapt to different biomedical applications. Copper selenide nanomaterials are composed of selenium and copper, which are necessary nutrient elements for human life. Because of the active and flexible chemical properties of selenium and copper, copper selenide nanomaterials can not only be effectively degraded and utilized in human body, but also be endowed with various physicochemical properties by chemical modification or doping. Recently, copper selenide nanomaterials have shown unique properties such as LSPR in the near-infrared region, making them attractive for near-infrared thermal ablation, photoacoustic imaging, disease marker detection, multimode imaging, and so on. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, there is no review on the LSPR properties of copper selenide nanomaterials and its biomedical applications. This review first discusses the relationship between the physicochemical properties and the LSPR of copper selenide nanomaterials and then summarizes the latest progress in the application of copper selenide nanomaterials in biological detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. In addition, the advantages, and prospects of copper selenide nanomaterials in biomedicine are also highlighted. 相似文献
97.
The global exponential stability is investigated for neural networks with interval time-varying delays. Based on the Leibniz-Newton formula and linear matrix inequality technique, delay-dependent stability criteria are proposed to guarantee the exponential stability of neural networks with interval time-varying delays. Some numerical examples and comparisons are provided to show that the proposed results significantly improve the allowable upper and lower bounds of delays over some existing ones in the literature. 相似文献
98.
99.
Uncovering the Stoichiometry of Pyrococcus furiosus RNase P,a Multi‐Subunit Catalytic Ribonucleoprotein Complex,by Surface‐Induced Dissociation and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry 下载免费PDF全文
Xin Ma Lien B. Lai Stella M. Lai Akiko Tanimoto Prof. Mark P. Foster Prof. Vicki H. Wysocki Prof. Venkat Gopalan 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(43):11483-11487
We demonstrate that surface‐induced dissociation (SID) coupled with ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) is a powerful tool for determining the stoichiometry of a multi‐subunit ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex assembled in a solution containing Mg2+. We investigated Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) RNase P, an archaeal RNP that catalyzes tRNA 5′ maturation. Previous step‐wise, Mg2+‐dependent reconstitutions of Pfu RNase P with its catalytic RNA subunit and two interacting protein cofactor pairs (RPP21?RPP29 and POP5?RPP30) revealed functional RNP intermediates en route to the RNase P enzyme, but provided no information on subunit stoichiometry. Our native MS studies with the proteins showed RPP21?RPP29 and (POP5?RPP30)2 complexes, but indicated a 1:1 composition for all subunits when either one or both protein complexes bind the cognate RNA. These results highlight the utility of SID and IM‐MS in resolving conformational heterogeneity and yielding insights on RNP assembly. 相似文献
100.
Sarah E. Walker Dr. James A. Jordan‐Hore Dr. David G. Johnson Prof. Dr. Stuart A. Macgregor Dr. Ai‐Lan Lee 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(50):13876-13879
A direct Pd‐catalyzed C? H functionalization of benzoquinone (BQ) can be controlled to give either mono‐ or disubstituted BQ, including the installation of two different groups in a one‐pot procedure. BQ can now be directly functionalized with aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and cycloalkene groups and, moreover, the reaction is conducted in environmentally benign water or acetone as solvents. 相似文献