Pressure-dependence of resistivity in organic semiconductors

Abstract

The electrical resistivities of seven organic semiconductors and two nickel organometallics were found to have pressure dependencies which can be expressed as very simple analytic forms. These dependencies suggest that simple theoretical models for the resistivity should be possible.     

A real coded genetic algorithm for solving integer and mixed integer optimization problems

In this paper, a real coded genetic algorithm named MI-LXPM is proposed for solving integer and mixed integer constrained optimization problems. The proposed algorithm is a suitably modified and extended version of the real coded genetic algorithm, LXPM, of Deep and Thakur [K. Deep, M. Thakur, A new crossover operator for real coded genetic algorithms, Applied Mathematics and Computation 188 (2007) 895-912; K. Deep, M. Thakur, A new mutation operator for real coded genetic algorithms, Applied Mathematics and Computation 193 (2007) 211-230]. The algorithm incorporates a special truncation procedure to handle integer restrictions on decision variables along with a parameter free penalty approach for handling constraints. Performance of the algorithm is tested on a set of twenty test problems selected from different sources in literature, and compared with the performance of an earlier application of genetic algorithm and also with random search based algorithm, RST2ANU, incorporating annealing concept. The proposed MI-LXPM outperforms both the algorithms in most of the cases which are considered.     

Comparison of the efficacy of 177Lu-EDTMP, 177Lu-DOTMP and 188Re-HEDP towards bone osteosarcoma: an in vitro study

Among the radiopharmaceuticals harnessed for palliation of bone pain in osseous metastases patients, ¹⁷⁷Lu labeled phosphonates such as EDTMP (Ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid) as well as DOTMP (1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclo-dodecane-1,4,7,10 tetraethylene phosphonic acid) and ¹⁸⁸Re-labeled HEDP (1,1-hydroxyethylene diphosphonic acid) seem to be the most favorable for treatment of small and medium/large size bone lesions, respectively. A comparative assessment of ¹⁷⁷Lu-EDTMP, ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTMP and ¹⁸⁸Re-HEDP in osteosarcoma tumor cell line was carried out to evaluate their relative efficacy. It was found that ¹⁸⁸Re-HEDP is more potent in induction of cell toxicity and apoptosis compared to the ¹⁷⁷Lu-EDTMP and ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTMP, thus ¹⁸⁸Re-HEDP might have great clinical significance.

     

Oxidation and electrical conductivity of metal chain dioximes

Metal chain dioximes having uninterrupted metal chain systems were prepared and oxidized with halogens. Resistivities were found to be lowered because of oxidation. Two new complexes, phenathra-quinone-dioxime and ClS₂ substituted Ni(Hdmg)₂ [Ni(dad)₂], were also prepared. A.c. resistivities were also measured.The author is thankful to Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar for facilities. The author is also thankful to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi and NCERT, New Delhi for financial aids.     

Enhancement of lipase activity in non-aqueous media upon immobilization on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Background  

Immobilization of biologically active proteins on nanosized surfaces is a key process in bionanofabrication. Carbon nanotubes with their high surface areas, as well as useful electronic, thermal and mechanical properties, constitute important building blocks in the fabrication of novel functional materials.     

Receptor binding assay for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins: optimization and interlaboratory comparison

A receptor binding assay (RBA) for detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins was formatted for use in a high throughput detection system using microplate scintillation counting. The RBA technology was transferred from the National Ocean Service, which uses a Wallac TriLux 1450 MicroBeta microplate scintillation counter, to the California Department of Health Services, which uses a Packard TopCount scintillation counter. Due to differences in the detector arrangement between these 2 counters, markedly different counting efficiencies were exhibited, requiring optimization of the RBA protocol for the TopCount instrument. Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity [limit of detection = 0.2 microg saxitoxin (STX) equiv/100 g shellfish tissue] of the modified protocol were equivalent to those of the original protocol. The RBA robustness and adaptability were demonstrated by an interlaboratory study, in which STX concentrations in shellfish generated by the TopCount were consistent with MicroBeta-derived values. Comparison of STX reference standards obtained from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the National Research Council, Canada, showed no observable differences. This study confirms the RBA's value as a rapid, high throughput screen prior to testing by the conventional mouse bioassay (MBA) and its suitability for providing an early warning of increasing PSP toxicity when toxin levels are below the MBA limit of detection.     

Structural Features of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ortho</Emphasis>-hydroxy Bis-phenols and Their Comparison with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Para</Emphasis>-hydroxy Bis-phenols

Abstract The crystal structures of four bis-phenols are reported to substantiate the fact that the weak interactions play a major role in the crystal packing of bis-phenols. The reaction of 2,4-dimethylphenol with aldehydes such as 2-naphthaldehyde, terephthaldehyde in the presence of trifluoracetic acid gave 2-[bis(2-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl]naphthalene (1) and 4-[bis(2-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylphenyl) methyl]benzaldehyde (2), respectively. The 2-[bis-(2-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylphenyl)-methyl]naphthalene (1) crystallizes in orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 11.905(3) ?, b = 18.788(5) ?, c = 18.894(5) ?, 4-[bis(2-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl] benzaldehyde (2) in monoclinic, Cc, a = 8.880(3) ?, b = 16.394(7) ?, c = 13.700(5) ?, γ = 104.542(2)°. The reaction of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde with 2,4-dimethylphenol gave 2-benzo[c] isoxazo-3-yl 4,6-dimethylphenol (3) and its crystal parameters are orthorhombic, P2₁2₁2₁, a = 7.737(6) ?, b = 11.885(9) ?, c = 13.336(8) ?. The reaction of 2,6-dimethylphenol with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 2-chlorobenzaldehyde gave bis(4-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylphenyl)(4-nitrophenyl)methane (4) and bis(4-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylphenyl)(2-chlorophenyl)methane (5), respectively. The bis(4-hydroxy 3,5dimethylphenyl)(4-nitrophenyl)methane (4) crystallizes in monoclinic, C2/c, a = 25.921(1) ?, b = 12.202(4) ?, c = 15.6084(7) ?, β = 122.172(4)°, and bis(4-hydroxy 3,5-dimethylphenyl) (2-chlorophenyl)methane crystallizes as acetonitrile solvate (5) in triclinic, P-1, a = 12.314(3) ?, b = 14.111(3) ?, c = 15.078(5) ?, α = 98.268(2)°, β = 111.268(2)°, γ = 114.304(1)˚. The unit cell of 5 contains two pairs of crystallographically unsymmetric molecules of bis-phenols. Index abstract The crystal structures of four bis-phenols are reported to substantiate the fact that the weak interactions plays a major role in crystal packing and can induce symmetry non-equivalence among bis-phenols in unit cell of bis-phenols.      

The automatic liquid nitrogen filling system for GDA detectors

An indigenously developed automatic liquid nitrogen (LN2) filling system has been installed in gamma detector array (GDA) facility at Nuclear Science Centre. Electro-pneumatic valves are used for filling the liquid nitrogen into the high purity germanium detector cryostat. The temperature of the out-flowing gas/liquid from the cryostat is monitored using platinum resistor thermometer. The program allows for automatic filling at regular intervals with temperature monitoring from a remote terminal.     

Polarized spectral features of human breast tissues through wavelet transform and principal component analysis

Fluorescence characteristics of human breast tissues are investigated through wavelet transform and principal component analysis (PCA). Wavelet transform of polarized fluorescence spectra of human breast tissues is found to localize spectral features that can reliably differentiate different tissue types. The emission range in the visible wavelength regime of 500–700 nm is analysed, with the excitation wavelength at 488 nm using laser as an excitation source, where flavin and porphyrin are some of the active fluorophores. A number of global and local parameters from principal component analysis of both high- and low-pass coefficients extracted in the wavelet domain, capturing spectral variations and subtle changes in the diseased tissues are clearly identifiable.