Preparation of Co3O4 nanoplate/graphene sheet composites and their synergistic electrochemical performance

Co₃O₄ nanoplate/graphene sheet composites were prepared through a two-step synthetic method. The composite material as prepared was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The platelet-like morphology of Co₃O₄ leads to a layer-by-layer-assembled structure of the composites and a good dispersion of Co₃O₄ nanoplates on the surface of graphene sheets. The electrochemical characteristics indicate that the specific capacitance of the composites is 337.8 F?g^?1 in comparison with the specific capacitance of 204.4 F?g^?1 without graphene sheets. Meanwhile, the composites have an excellent rate capability and cycle performance. The results show that the unique microstructure of the composites enhances the electrochemical capacitive performance of Co₃O₄ nanoplates due to the three-dimensional network of graphene sheets for electron transport increasing electric conductivity of the electrode and providing unobstructed pathways for ionic transport during the electrochemical reaction.     

对过氧化钠与水反应问题的研究

1.问题的提出 过氧化钠与水反应的实验是中学化学课堂重点演示实验,从目前情况看该实验的研究还有许多亟待解决的问题.特别是过氧化钠与水反应生成氧气质量的理论计算和实验结果的矛盾[1]、过氧化钠与水反应后溶液具有漂白性的原因[2-3]、双线桥标出过氧化钠与水反应过程中电子的得失[4]等疑难问题更为突出,所以从实验和理论上对上述疑难问题加以认真的研究是非常必要的.     

Solution of the Magnetohydrodynamics Jeffery-Hamel Flow Equations by the Modified Adomian Decomposition Method

In this paper, the nonlinear boundary value problem (BVP) for the Jeffery-Hamel flow equations taking into consideration the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effects is solved by using the modified Adomian decomposition method. We first transform the original two-dimensional MHD Jeffery-Hamel problem into an equivalent third-order BVP, then solve by the modified Adomian decomposition method for analytical approximations. Ultimately, the effects of Reynolds number and Hartmann number are discussed.     

1995~2014年西北5省旅游流与区域交通的耦合过程与格局

旅游流与区域交通系统的耦合发展对区域旅游市场开发与合作具有重要作用.基于西北5省1995~2014年旅游流与区域交通系统的相关数据,采用耦合协调度模型与GIS分析法,对西北5省旅游流与区域交通系统耦合协调度的时间演变特征与空间格局进行了历时态与共时态比较分析.结果表明：（1）西北5省旅游流与区域交通系统综合发展水平曲线呈现由低向高演进的态势,总体标准差均值分别为0.251和0.294,且区域内部差距逐渐凸显;（2）西北5省旅游流与区域交通的耦合协调度演变曲线呈现历时性波动上升且趋同发展态势,总体标准差均值为0.173,且区域内部差距逐渐扩大;（3）西北5省旅游流与区域交通耦合协调度类型实现了由严重失调向初级协调的转变,耦合协调度由低层次趋同向高层次趋异演变,并最终演变成"哑铃型"的发展格局.     

Dielectrophoretic separation of microalgae cells in ballast water in a microfluidic chip

The composition of the ship's ballast water is complex and contains a large number of microalgae cells, bacteria, microplastics, and other microparticles. To increase the accuracy and efficiency of detection of the microalgae cells in ballast water, a new microfluidic chip for continuous separation of microalgae cells based on alternating current dielectrophoresis was proposed. In this microfluidic chip, one piece of 3‐dimensional electrode is embedded on one side and eight discrete electrodes are arranged on the other side of the microchannel. An insulated triangular structure between electrodes is designed for increasing the inhomogeneity of the electric field distribution and enhancing the dielectrophoresis (DEP) force. A sheath flow is designed to focus the microparticles near the electrode, so as to increase the suffered DEP force and improve separation efficiency. To demonstrate the performance of the microfluidic separation chip, we developed two species of microalgae cells (Platymonas and Closterium) and a kind of microplastics to be used as test samples. Analyses of the related parameters and separation experiments by our designed microfluidic chip were then conducted. The results show that the presented method can separate the microalgae cells from the mixture efficiently, and this is the first time to separate two or more species of microalgae cells in a microfluidic chip by using negative and positive DEP force simultaneously, and moreover it has some advantages including simple operation, high efficiency, low cost, and small size and has great potential in on‐site pretreatment of ballast water.     

PS-TPD空穴传输层的高亮度绿光有机电致发光器件的研究

研究了不同质量比的聚苯乙烯(PS)三苯基二胺(TPD)复合空穴传输层对有机电致发光器件(OLED)性能的影响。采用此掺杂体系作器件的空穴传输层,利用旋涂工艺制备了结构为indium-tin-oxide(ITO)/polystyrene(PS)∶N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine(TPD)/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminium(Alq3)/Mg∶Ag的双层有机电致发光器件。为便于比较,另直接蒸镀TPD薄膜做空穴传输层制备了相似结构的器件。利用飞行时间法对不同PS-TPD质量比例的薄膜的空穴迁移率进行了表征,并对器件的电致发光特性进行了测试。测试结果表明,掺杂薄膜的空穴迁移率比纯TPD膜的低1~2个数量级。当质量比为m(PS)∶m(TPD)=10∶90时,器件具有最高光亮度14280 cd/m2和最高流明效率1.2 l m/W。说明适当质量比PS的引入相对降低了薄膜的空穴迁移率,调节了TPD的空穴传输能力,更有效地平衡了复合区内正负载流子的数目,从而提高了器件的发光亮度和效率。     

Spin Hamiltonians in Magnets: Theories and Computations

The effective spin Hamiltonian method has drawn considerable attention for its power to explain and predict magnetic properties in various intriguing materials. In this review, we summarize different types of interactions between spins (hereafter, spin interactions, for short) that may be used in effective spin Hamiltonians as well as the various methods of computing the interaction parameters. A detailed discussion about the merits and possible pitfalls of each technique of computing interaction parameters is provided.     

Cooperative Cluster Metalation and Ligand Migration in Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks

Cooperative cluster metalation and ligand migration were performed on a Zr‐MOF, leading to the isolation of unique bimetallic MOFs based on decanuclear Zr₆M₄ (M=Ni, Co) clusters. The M²⁺ reacts with the μ₃‐OH and terminal H₂O ligands on an 8‐connected [Zr₆O₄(OH)₈(H₂O)₄] cluster to form a bimetallic [Zr₆M₄O₈(OH)₈(H₂O)₈] cluster. Along with the metalation of Zr₆ cluster, ligand migration is observed in which a Zr–carboxylate bond dissociates to form a M–carboxylate bond. Single‐crystal to single‐crystal transformation is realized so that snapshots for cooperative cluster metalation and ligand migration processes are captured by successive single‐crystal X‐ray structures. In³⁺ was metalated into the same Zr‐MOF which showed excellent catalytic activity in the acetaldehyde cyclotrimerization reaction. This work not only provides a powerful tool to functionalize Zr‐MOFs with other metals, but also structurally elucidates the formation mechanism of the resulting heterometallic MOFs.     

On maximal injective subalgebras of tensor products of von Neumann algebras

Let Mi be a von Neumann algebra, and Bi be a maximal injective von Neumann subalgebra of Mi, i=1,2. If M₁ has separable predual and the center of B₁ is atomic, e.g., B₁ is a factor, then is a maximal injective von Neumann subalgebra of . This partly answers a question of Popa.     

对电解熔融氯化铝问题的思考

一般认为“氯化铝是分子晶体,熔融的氯化铝不导电,在电解槽中不能电解”,但这不是绝对的,我们可以改变它的环境,比如电解NaCl—AlCl3熔盐制铝[1],这一类似问题在中学教辅材料中早有体现,如电解Al2O3—Na3AlF6制铝,其中Na3AlF6的引入便是问题的关键,近年来Al在NaCl—AlCl3熔盐体系中的电沉积研究已经取得了很多研究成果[2],以下对电解熔融氯化铝问题进行分析。1电解熔融氯化铝问题的理论分析纯的氯化铝是无色的晶体,在通常情况下氯化铝容易挥发,180℃时开始升华,研究其蒸气密度表明在400℃以下氯化铝的分子式为Al2Cl6,氯化铝溶于有机…