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21.
Santosh K. Shrestha Heiko Timmers Aidan P. Byrne Wayne D. Hutchison Don H. Chaplin Rakesh Dogra 《Hyperfine Interactions》2004,158(1-4):407-411
A radioisotope ion implanter has been developed using a cesium-sputtering, negative ion source, which offers versatility and
sustained operation. Employing the molecular 111In16O− ion, μCi activities of the radioisotope probe 111In/Cd have been implanted into different material hosts. The implanted tracer activity has been shown to be sufficient for
LTNO, NMRON and PAC. A new NMRON resonance for 111InAg was observed at 75.08 MHz. In2O3 powder performed well as the radioisotope carrier in the ion source, with the ratio of radioisotope and parasitic ion current
being typically 4 × 10−4. 相似文献
22.
Seth C. Rasmussen Jason C. Pickens James E. Hutchison 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1997,34(1):285-288
A new synthetic route to 4-substituted-2,2′-bithiophenes has been developed utilizing 4-bromo-2,2′-bithiophene ( 1 ). Formation of the bithienyllithium adduct via halogen-metal exchange was found to be problematic and resulted in complex mixtures of products. The Grignard reagent of 1 can be obtained easily via the “entrainment” method, allowing the production of 4-substituted-2,2′-bithiophenes (where sub-stituent = octyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxymethyl, carboxy, carbomethoxy, acetoxyethyl, and acetoxymethyl). 相似文献
23.
We build on Gruenhage, Natkaniec, and Piotrowski?s study of thin, very thin, and slim dense sets in products, and the related notions of (NC) and (GC) which they introduced. We find examples of separable spaces X such that X2 has a thin or slim dense set but no countable one. We characterize ordered spaces that satisfy (GC) and (NC), and we give an example of a separable space which satisfies (GC) but not witnessed by a collection of finite sets. We show that the question of when the topological sum of two countable strongly irresolvable spaces satisfies (NC) is related to the Rudin-Keisler order on βω. We also introduce and study the concepts of <κ-thin and superslim dense sets. 相似文献
24.
Quantitative and sensitive detection of rare mutations using droplet-based microfluidics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pekin D Skhiri Y Baret JC Le Corre D Mazutis L Salem CB Millot F El Harrak A Hutchison JB Larson JW Link DR Laurent-Puig P Griffiths AD Taly V 《Lab on a chip》2011,11(13):2156-2166
Somatic mutations within tumoral DNA can be used as highly specific biomarkers to distinguish cancer cells from their normal counterparts. These DNA biomarkers are potentially useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and follow-up of patients. In order to have the required sensitivity and specificity to detect rare tumoral DNA in stool, blood, lymph and other patient samples, a simple, sensitive and quantitative procedure to measure the ratio of mutant to wild-type genes is required. However, techniques such as dual probe TaqMan(?) assays and pyrosequencing, while quantitative, cannot detect less than ~1% mutant genes in a background of non-mutated DNA from normal cells. Here we describe a procedure allowing the highly sensitive detection of mutated DNA in a quantitative manner within complex mixtures of DNA. The method is based on using a droplet-based microfluidic system to perform digital PCR in millions of picolitre droplets. Genomic DNA (gDNA) is compartmentalized in droplets at a concentration of less than one genome equivalent per droplet together with two TaqMan(?) probes, one specific for the mutant and the other for the wild-type DNA, which generate green and red fluorescent signals, respectively. After thermocycling, the ratio of mutant to wild-type genes is determined by counting the ratio of green to red droplets. We demonstrate the accurate and sensitive quantification of mutated KRAS oncogene in gDNA. The technique enabled the determination of mutant allelic specific imbalance (MASI) in several cancer cell-lines and the precise quantification of a mutated KRAS gene in the presence of a 200,000-fold excess of unmutated KRAS genes. The sensitivity is only limited by the number of droplets analyzed. Furthermore, by one-to-one fusion of drops containing gDNA with any one of seven different types of droplets, each containing a TaqMan(?) probe specific for a different KRAS mutation, or wild-type KRAS, and an optical code, it was possible to screen the six common mutations in KRAS codon 12 in parallel in a single experiment. 相似文献
25.
26.
Background
Scripting languages such as Python are ideally suited to common programming tasks in cheminformatics such as data analysis and parsing information from files. However, for reasons of efficiency, cheminformatics toolkits such as the OpenBabel toolkit are often implemented in compiled languages such as C++. We describe Pybel, a Python module that provides access to the OpenBabel toolkit. 相似文献27.
James A. Hutchison Toby D.M. Bell Tapan Ganguly Kenneth P. Ghiggino Steven J. Langford Nigel R. Lokan Michael N. Paddon-Row 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry》2008,197(2-3):220-225
Intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) processes occurring in dyads with a free base porphyrin-tetraazaanthracene donor (P) and either a tetracyanonaphthoquinidodimethane (TCQ) or benzoquinone (BQ) acceptor linked by a rigid six σ-bond polynorbornane bridge ([6]) have been investigated. For P[6]BQ, PET in the polar solvent benzonitrile (s = 25.9) occurs with a rate constant (kPET) of 1.6 × 108 s−1 but is not evident in solvents less polar than tetrahydrofuran (s = 7.52). For P[6]TCQ, highly efficient forward PET occurs in both polar and non-polar solvents (kPET > 2 × 1010 s−1). For P[6]TCQ the lifetime of the resulting charge-separated state decreases markedly with increasing solvent polarity. The results are discussed in the context of the likely mechanisms for electronic coupling and current theories for PET processes in such linked molecular systems. 相似文献
28.
29.
Smith RK Nanayakkara SU Woehrle GH Pearl TP Blake MM Hutchison JE Weiss PS 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2006,128(29):9266-9267
We report diffusion in the tunneling spectra of isolated, ligand-stabilized undecagold (Au11) clusters immobilized by attachment to alpha,omega-alkanedithiolate tethers inserted into alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers. We use scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at cryogenic (UHV, 4 K) conditions to measure these clusters' conductance with complete control of their chemical and physical environment; additionally, thermal broadening of their electronic states as well as their mobility is minimized. At low temperature, the Au11 clusters demonstrate Coulomb blockade behavior, with zero-conductance gaps resulting from quantum size effects. Surprisingly, chemically identical and even single particles produced different families of tunneling spectra, comparable to previous results for heterogeneous distributions of particles. We hypothesize that, while these particles are chemically attached to the surface of the SAM for measurement, these assemblies may still be sufficiently dynamic to affect their transport properties significantly. 相似文献
30.
Hai‐Jing Nie Xialing Chen Chang‐Jiang Yao Prof. Dr. Yu‐Wu Zhong Prof. Dr. Geoffrey R. Hutchison Prof. Dr. Jiannian Yao 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(45):14497-14509
Electron delocalization of new mixed‐valent (MV) systems with the aid of lateral metal chelation is reported. 2,2′‐Bipyridine (bpy) derivatives with one or two appended di‐p‐anisylamino groups on the 5,5′‐positions and a coordinated [Ru(bpy)2] (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine), [Re(CO)3Cl], or [Ir(ppy)2] (ppy=2‐phenylpyridine) component were prepared. The single‐crystal molecular structure of the bis‐amine ligand without metal chelation is presented. The electronic properties of these complexes were studied and compared by electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques and DFT/TDDFT calculations. Compounds with two di‐p‐anisylamino groups were oxidized by a chemical or electrochemical method and monitored by near‐infrared (NIR) absorption spectral changes. Marcus–Hush analysis of the resulting intervalence charge‐transfer transitions indicated that electron coupling of these mixed‐valent systems is enhanced by metal chelation and that the iridium complex has the largest coupling. TDDFT calculations were employed to interpret the NIR transitions of these MV systems. 相似文献