Equilibrium oxygen fugacity for the synthesis of zinc ferrite solid solutions

Thermodynamic information is utilized to study the width of the zinc ferritemagnetite phase field, and to establish the oxygen fugacity in equilibrium with this solid solution. Information is provided for the specification of the phase boundaries and for the particular oxygen fugacity that corresponds to the 4/3 oxygen/ cation ratio in the strictly stoichiometric solid solution.     

A minimum photon “rest mass” — Using Planck's constant and discontinuous electromagnetic waves

Reasons for taking1/2h/c ² in cgs units as an equivalent in grams for the photon “rest mass” are given. Its numerical value of3.68×10 ^?48 g corresponds to the minimum mass equivalent energy for one half-cycle of an electromagnetic dipole field distribution, which is discontinuous. For the fluid models that are discussed, this field distribution corresponds somewhat to a hydrodynamic toroidal vortex which is stationary—if we use toroidal coordinates and assume that the ring origin has the radial velocity c, that the gauge is defined by the ring origin diameter, and that free space is represented by a two-fluid model (the fluids oppositely charged). There are mappings which can transform such toroidal entities (photons) into spherical ones. The toroidal entities are possible candidates for the role of “hidden variables.”     

Comment on an equation of motion with radiation reaction

An equation of motion with radiation reaction proposed by Ringermacher is shown to have an added constraint if momentum conservation is to be maintained. As a consequence the equation can either be interpreted as having a variable rest mass or it can be recast in a form first derived by Eliezer. In either case it leads to unphysical results.