Spectral mapping theorems for exponentially bounded c-semigroups in Banach spaces

LetZ be a generator of an exponentially boundedC-semigroup {S _t } _t≥0 in a Banach space and letT _t =C ⁻¹ S _t . We show that the spectral mapping theorems such as exp(tσ(Z)) ⊂ σ(T _t ) and exp(tσ _p (Z)) ⊂ tσ _p (T _t ) ⊂ exp(tσ _p (Z)) ⋃ {0} for everyt≥0 hold. The present studies were supported by the Basic Science Research Institute Program, Ministry of Education, 1987.     

Theoretical study of anion carriers based on trifluoroacetophenone

Model calculations on anion carrier ligands related to trifluoroacetophenone were carried out using the semiempirical AM 1 method in order to investigate the factors involved in such anion-ligand complexation. The reaction of halogen derivatives of acetophenone with various nucleophiles such as water, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate anion was studied. By this means, the effect of various structural changes, such as variation of the ring substituents and variation of the degree and type of halogen atom substitution, could be determined. It is shown that in terms of relative stability, fluorine derivatives are preferable to chlorine derivatives for the binding of water and carbonic acid. Monosubstitution of a methoxy group in the ortho position of the trifluoroacetophenone ring also brought about stability in the case of the hydration reaction. An electron-withdrawing ester group in the para position on the trifluoroacetophenone ring brings about stabilization also.     

电流控阈技术及二值 I2L 施密特电路设计

电流控阈技术及二值Ｉ~２Ｌ施密特电路设计黄瑞祥，杭国强（杭州大学电子工程系杭州３１００２８）在数字电路中，以往对施密特电路的分析与研究大多局限于用电压信号来表示逻辑值的电路，例如ＴＴＬ、ＣＭＯＳ、ＥＣＬ等电路［１－３］．然而，对于以电流为信号的电流型?..     

Surface-enhanced Raman study of organic sulfides adsorbed on silver

The surface-enhanced Raman scatterings of dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide have been investigated in silver sol. The dimethyl disulfide molecule decomposes on silver to the corresponding mercaptide implying facile cleavage of its S---S bond. The C---S bond in dialkyl monosulfide appears not to cleave on silver. For diethyl sulfide, the C₂ conformation seems to be favorable on silver than other conformations.     

An improved method for quantitative sugar analysis of glycoproteins

Although there are numerous methods available to hydrolyze glycans utilizing strong acids, it all requires lengthy steps to obtain quantitative yield. We have developed a new simple one-step method for analysis of amino and neutral monosaccharides of glycoproteins quantitatively. Free monosaccharides were found to be stable during hydrolysis of glycans with 6 N HCI at 80 degrees C up to 2 h. Using this condition, analysis of free monosaccharides hydrolyzed from the bovine fetuin showed sugar composition of Gal: Man: GlcN: GaIN = 13.2: 11.0: 15.5: 2.6, which is closely matched with the reported value of 12.4: 9.6: 17.2: 2.7 (Townsend et al., ABRF News 8: 14, 1997). This method was shown to be applicable to varieties of well-characterized glycoproteins, erythropoietin, fibrinogen and soybean agglutinin. The amounts of sugars released under the condition were very close to the experimental values by other procedures or to the theoretical ones. This condition was found to be suitable for direct sugar analysis of fetuin, which have been immobilized onto polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. Based on these results, it support that the 6 N HCl/80 degrees C/2 h is the simplest method for quantitative analysis of monosaccharide composition of glycoproteins.     

Thermally produced biodegradable scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

A novel process was developed to fabricate biodegradable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, without using organic solvents. Solvent residues in scaffolds fabricated by processes involving organic solvents may damage cells transplanted onto the scaffolds or tissue near the transplantation site. Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) powder and NaCl particles in a mold were compressed and subsequently heated at 180 degrees C (near the PLLA melting temperature) for 3 min. The heat treatment caused the polymer particles to fuse and form a continuous matrix containing entrapped NaCl particles. After dissolving the NaCl salts, which served as a porogen, porous biodegradable PLLA scaffolds were formed. The scaffold porosity and pore size were controlled by adjusting the NaCl/PLLA weight ratio and the NaCl particle size. The characteristics of the scaffolds were compared to those of scaffolds fabricated using a conventional solvent casting/particulate leaching (SC/PL) process, in terms of pore structure, pore-size distribution, and mechanical properties. A scanning electron microscopic examination showed highly interconnected and open pore structures in the scaffolds fabricated using the thermal process, whereas the SC/PL process yielded scaffolds with less interconnected and closed pore structures. Mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed that the thermally produced scaffolds had a much more uniform distribution of pore sizes than the SC/PL process. The utility of the thermally produced scaffolds was demonstrated by engineering cartilaginous tissues in vivo. In summary, the thermal process developed in this study yields tissue-engineering scaffolds with more favorable characteristics, with respect to, freedom from organic solvents, pore structure, and size distribution than the SC/PL process. Moreover, the thermal process could also be used to fabricate scaffolds from polymers that are insoluble in organic solvents, such as poly(glycolic acid). Cartilage tissue regenerated from thermally produced PLLA scaffold.     

β-蒎烯和马来酸酐的反应及产物表征

研究了β-蒎烯和马来酸酐的烯反应、溶剂中自由基共聚反应和本体热共聚反应,得到了β-蒎烯和马来酸酐烯反应产物和共聚产物,并用IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、GPC、DSC进行表征,研究了引发剂浓度、溶剂体系、单体配比、温度等因素对产物的影响.对聚合物进行皂化改性,测量了皂化物浓度对水表面张力的影响.     

Study on oxidation of polymers treated by high LET radiation

The oxidation of medical silicone rubber and segmented polyether urethane which were bombarded with 11.2 MeV Si⁺ or F⁺ at the dose of 5 × 10¹⁴ ions/cm² was studied. In XPS measurements, it was found that the oxygen concentration on the surface of the implanted polymeric membranes had been increasing in three months at least. ESR measurement showed that some free radicals existed in these membranes and their quantities decreased with time. Chemical analysis proved that peroxides were generated in the γ irradiated membranes. The reason for the increasing of oxygen concentration was that free radicals combined with oxygen in the air and produced peroxides on the membrane surface. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the radiation mechanism, low LET (γ rays) radiation of such polymeric membranes was carried out for comparison     

All-solid-state carbonate-selective electrode based on a molecular tweezer-type neutral carrier with solvent-soluble conducting polymer solid contact

Carbonate-selective membranes were prepared by incorporating a molecular tweezer-type carbonate-selective neutral carrier [N,N-dioctyl-3alpha,12alpha-bis(4-trifluoroacetylbenzyloxy)-5beta-cholan-24-amide] into a room temperature vulcanizing-type silicone rubber (3140 RTV-SR) matrix, and deposited on the planar-type electrodes (Pt containing Ag/AgCl electrodes formed on a ceramic plate) with and without an intermediary conducting polymer layer. Two types of solvent-soluble conducting polymers [poly(1-hexyl-3,4-dimethyl-2,5-pyrrolylene) or poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl)] have been examined as the solid contact material. Potentiometric properties of the resultant all-solid-state electrodes were evaluated in terms of their carbonate selectivity, response slope, potential stability and reproducibility. The sensitivity and carbonate selectivity of the SR membrane-based all-solid-state electrodes with conducting polymer solid contact were comparable to those of conventional electrodes. Experimental results also showed that the intermediary conducting polymer layer used in the all-solid-state electrodes greatly reduces the interference from dissolved oxygen.